Do you think big exchanges like Binance, FTX, and Huobi will be able to control ETH after it becomes a full-fledged cryptocurrency? if not, why? Will there still be hope for ETH after the upgrade is finalized? What will happen if ETH collapses due to centralization? Will it take the whole crypto market down with it? Your input will be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
The first thing you need to understand what is PoS? Then all of your questions will get resolved automatically.
What you see on an exchanger as staking has got nothing to do with the PoS directly involved with the coin.
If you want to get involved with the direct PoS then you will have to become
Validator in the system. This is similar to becoming a miner when you are doing PoW. In case of ETH - PoS validator you will have to stake your own 32 ETH on the network which is around ~ $ 50,000 as of today's date.
Once you do that you will have to follow the software running process which includes:
an execution client, a consensus client, and a validator.However there is catch in this! To overcome flood of Validator or risking the fishy flow of whales for that matter, the Validators will be put into queue before they can join the network for PoS work.
Once they in, they start to receive the blocks from peers and validators need to do attestation of the block by voting it and thus confirming the transaction.
In addition to this, its not about who has staked a lot (in our case you might be saying whale with huge money); but it's all about how "FINALITY" happens. Its distributed work of many validators which goes through checkpoints to confirm the vote.
To overcome the reversible transaction Validator would need to loose his stake from the balance and is charged around one third of total staked supply (currently around $10,000,000,000)Similarly PoS is protected from 51% where an attacker would need 51% of the staked ETH (about $15,000,000,000 USD).
Its not truly centralised, it's still distributed from validator to validator and to be just single validator they will need huge amount of money and still above algorithms will be in place to validate the vote of one validator.
Its highly impossible to reverse, collapse, 51% attacked! So no exchangers can not do that, they simply running proof of stake collaboratively with their users. They can't risk it.
Most of the information and above knowledge can be found on PoS ETH on official site.