Moonshadow - read your own post. "...the king's judges..." <- that gives a hint of royal involvement doesn't it?
You have a real problem with observational evidence, don't you? Are you a defense lawyer?
You have a problem reading. The common law only existed in Royal courts. The court it was created in was called the King's Bench.
ExistED or exist? It still exists...
He is talking about medieval history as proof that law can exist without a state.
No, I'm talking about how courts can exist without explicit state support, and can coexist with it. Your incomplete knowledge of history notwithstanding, there are a couple dozen other examples of the same in human history. The history of the tweleve tribes of Israel is another well documented case. The history of the five tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy is another well documented case. (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois#Government) Neither of these
actual historical examples consisted of a government (or even a definable state) as we would define one today.
(Iroquois political and diplomatic decisions are made on the local level, and are based on assessments of community consensus. A central government that develops policy and implements it for the people at large is not the Iroquois model of government.)
Yet both had semi-formal courts with judges, appointed by no one at all, unless you consider the Book of Judges to be authoritative in understanding and recording the will of God. They came to exist, because people had real disputes, and in the absence of a formal resolution (and considering combat is not in the best interests of either party) would agree to seek out a third party trusted by both parties. This is what is now known as
arbitration and is a major part of what courts actually do for "society" or the "free market". There is a natural human desire for "justice", and it can be seen in children not even old enough to talk. If you feel that you have been wronged by your sibling, what do you do first? Do you tell mommy, hit your sibling & take back your toy, or try to argue that you have been wronged? Surely some will do each of these things, but both running to tell mommy and arguing with your sibling are examples that humans are born with an innate sense of property right, for if we were not then every dispute over a toy would invariablely lead to a fight. It's this sense of, shall we call it "natural law", that leads a three year old to complain that the other kid took the toy out of his hands, as there is a natural expectation that everyone else should understand the basic law as well, even if they can't express it as such. Neither courts, nor governments, make this stuff up. At best, they discover it and encode it into their statutes. But statutes that don't make sense to the common man are not laws, but simply the deliberate and discriminate use of force to favor one group of citizens over another.