Topic: [Aug 2022] Mempool empty! Use this opportunity to Consolidate your small inputs! - page 43. (Read 89493 times)

That is the "human behavior" that we cannot predict not the time between blocks. Even if blocks were mined at fixed intervals (like every 60 seconds) we still wouldn't have been able to predict whether in the next seconds there will be a surge of new transactions paying higher fees or not.

Fee estimators should work on size not count and shouldn't try to predict the future.
Basically they should tell you that with current mempool situation when the next block is mined it will clear ~4MB from mempool and will contain down to x sat/vbyte fee and anything lower will remain unconfirmed. That way it won't matter if someone was paying very high fees for 100 transactions.

It is difficult for fee estimators to accurately predict the minimum required fee because the time until the next block is always unknown. If a block was just found, the mempool will have fewer high-paying transactions, but it is reasonable to expect that high-paying transactions will appear in the mempool over time until the next block is found. This makes estimating the required fee difficult because you don't know when the next block will be found, and in cases when a lot of mining capacity is being taken on/offline, the fee estimator may not even know how long until the expected time of the next block.

A lot of posts in this thread, and in posts in other, similar threads talk about the required fee to get a single transaction confirmed, but this fee rate would probably not be appropriate if you need 50, 100, or more transactions confirmed in nearly every block, as many larger bitcoin businesses may need. A large business who pays the minimum required fee might get a portion of their transactions confirmed quickly, but would quickly see their transactions pile up as being unconfirmed, which will cause problems. I think a business that consistently needs many transactions confirmed in every block would need to pay something closer to the median fee rate. This has the potential to cause confusion to some of the fee estimators out there.

Going a bit OT from the original point of the thread so we might want to continue the difficulty discussion here:
https://bitcointalksearch.org/topic/--5307087

But I did want to point out that as of NOW 8:30 PM EDT 5-July there are 3 blocks of transactions in the mempool the 1st block would require a fee of 70+ sat/vb to get into it. the 2nd one you can into for 4 sat/vb and there have been no blocks for the last 30 minutes.

There are some really messed up fee estimators out there. And some places just paying a fixed fee, which may or may not be messing up the fee estimators.

-Dave

I don't think the Chinese government getting miners to stop mining in China achieves anything of substance. If the miners are allowed to move their equipment overseas, the Chinese government would be hurting their own economy, and bitcoin would still be making it more difficult for the CCP to control it's population.

Information does not flow freely out of (or within) China. So if the Chinese government is seizing miners, there is a good chance this will not be publicly known. The cost to maintain a 51% attack is pretty low if you exclude the cost of the equipment. The cost of a 51% would be the cost to run the equipment, which is, with the most advanced ASICs is a fraction of the expected value of the bitcoin that would be mined absent a 51% attack.

We also had the effect of having 28% of all mined blocks have no transactions via the recent 28% drop in difficulty, and there were not major issues with transaction fees rising, or the mempool getting clogged.

Speaking abstractly, I can say with confidence that naked statistics do not reflect the real state of affairs, not to mention the fact that, earlier on my own experience, I was repeatedly convinced of this (we are talking about statistics). Continuing the thought in an abstract spirit, I can also invite all of us to think logically ... A 51% attack is the collapse of an entire industry, it is not even hundreds of billions of dollars, the success of such an attack would mean a trillion dollar infrastructure collapse. I mean, the sector leaders have definitely discussed such a theoretical scenario behind closed doors, and I think these 5-6 people have a plan of action in such a case, (I am not at all referring to shorting Coinbase stocks as a hedging tool, I mean an emergency consolidation or redistribution of m'power).

If we start reading reliable news coming from miners directly that someone (be it the government or anyone else), is starting to confiscate huge numbers of mining units, we could be closer to such a scenario. But it's still an expensive attack to maintain even if they gathered the required amount of hardware.

I think the Chinese government has reached its goal. Chinese miners have been shut down, they have seen what will happen to them, and their mining operations in China are now a thing of the past. With them out of the way, the communist party can now switch their attention to the digital yuan.

Not realistic but far more possible than it was two months ago.
We were at 170Exa, you needed 1.6 million S19 pro which nobody could manufacture with all this chip shortage, now we're at ~90 Exa with at least 80 Exa of that gear already laying around and wondering where to go, a lot of it for sale, you suddenly don't need a million and a half you need a hundred thousands.
Besides, the whole 51% is just like the killer blow, somebody mining empty blocks with 40%, and it's enough to make the network unusable...in normal conditions...which we're not having right now.

Looking at the fees and the mempool, nothing is normal, normally we would see low fees in the first two mornings of the week and that's it, now we're coming after a 27% drop in capacity for over two weeks, we're still getting 11% slower blocks two days after the adjustment and yet the mempool is completely empty.
And despite this, somebody is having fun sending 300sat/vb tx....

I don't think the difficulty dropping by this much, or that this much mining capacity going offline is "good news".

My assumption is that the majority (nearly all) of the drop in hashrate is due to Chinese miners going offline and that nearly all Chinese miners have already been taken offline. The CCP (Chinese government) does not like bitcoin because it makes it more difficult for them to control their population, and they have an incentive to harm bitcoin.

There is the risk of a government-sponsored 51% attack. This could mean that you cannot get your transactions confirmed no matter the fee you try to pay, or it could mean that you are forced to pay very high fees that make bitcoin undesirable to use.

I like that part of mining leaving China as well. What I don't like is a +50% less secure bitcoin network precisely for the reasons LoyceV mentioned in his post above. Although I don't find the threat of a 51% attack that realistic because it's almost impossible that all the missing hashing power could end up in the hands of the same individual or a malicious group who are going to use it for such a purpose. It's even less realistic that those who are still providing their computational power to the network do the same thing. A combination of 1 and 2 makes more sense, but I doubt it.     

Sure, but that is going to take time. It's not a one-click process. If the miners decide to sell their equipment, it's gonna take weeks to pack up, ship, and connect and configure at the new destination. If they decide to leave China to mine somewhere abroad, it might take even longer. Finding a new location, ensuring you understand and comply to local laws and regulations, finding an electricity provider, filling out the paperwork, setting up your farm...

Allow me to quote myself:

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Fees are as low as they get now: 1 sat/vbyte. Use it

I don't find it scary at all, it's good news all around. There's now far less of a concentration of miners in China. The difficulty has dropped making mining more profitable for everyone else. The mempool didn't get excessively congested while it happened so fees weren't too bad. Eventually, all those mining rigs will find their way out of China and get redeployed somewhere else.

Looking at a chart showing the total network's hash rate is pretty scary. Looks like an altcoin after a huge sell-off. From around 150 TH/s at the beginning of June, the hash rate dropped by almost 50% in July. But it seems to be taking a turn for the better now after reaching a bottom at around 84 TH/s if the data I am looking at is correct. 


https://www.blockchain.com/charts/hash-rate   

Mempool is empty now. This may or may not last, depending on how will the hash rate "evolve".


(source: mempool.space)

The big pools all use PPS payout system so the miners have nothing to gain from high fees. Only the pool operator makes more. Taking the example I gave of F2pool they have a minimum withdrawal of 0.005 and Huobi a minimum deposit of 0.001. the pool operator doesn't need to be concerned about the minimum withdrawal so if they wanted to do what you suggest they could create 5 times as many inputs for Huobi to consolidate. They are also unable to influence when or at what fee Huobi decide to do their consolidation.

I don't know whether or not pool operators do spam the mempool to make higher fees but I am absolutely certain that the transactions you showed are just normal miners withdrawals.

Splitting the inputs would cost money. Depositing small amounts to an exchange does not. A miner with a large amount of hashpower could create many pool accounts, make the pool pay for sending many withdrawal transactions to an exchange, then make the exchange pay for consolidating the many deposits. The cost to the miner would be close to zero.

it might be feasible but I don't think it is an effective way to spam the mempool to make fees higher.

They could withdraw each of those ~0.00531800 BTC amounts to their own wallet and then split it into 973 dust limit outputs of 0.00000546. Then consolidating that back in batches 50 inputs would create 19 transactions of 10Kb each. Do that 6 times to fill a block.


Edit. Some more relevant information. F2pool which was the biggest until recent events in China has a minimum withdrawal of 0.005 BTC with the option to have daily automatic payouts for customers with a balance higher than that. That makes there being a large number of payouts in the value range seen quite reasonable.

This might be a fair point. Although some of the input addresses I reviewed had daily transactions to a huobi deposit address.

I don't know if huobi allows for users to generate additional deposit addresses. I don't think it would be especially difficult for a single miner to have the ability to procure multiple sets of KYC documents, see the 2019 april fools joke, especially the prevalence of people willing to post their ID in order to collect "bounty" rewards.

I haven't mined for a long time but it always used to be that each pool would have 5 to 10 whales and a few thousand minnows. Those whales would probably account for 70% of the rewards in each block. Using my guestimate would reduce the 1250 outputs to 375 but then the small guys don't get to minimum withdrawal on every blocked mined. Some might be big enough to get paid every day and others every week or 2.

That makes sense. If they don't pay to consolidate their outputs, Houbi doesn't charge them for it, and the mining pool has a certain minimum withdrawal (possibly without charging a fee), this just means they get their earnings converted to fiat on a (very) regular basis.

Fees have been high for months in a row, so they could indeed be clearing up their backlog.

Now this makes me curious what percentage of all Bitcoin transactions comes from miners. Let's ignore for a moment the large miners, and assume there are only small miners in pools. They all withdraw their earnings when they reach 0.005 BTC. That means every 6.25 BTC block reward is split up into 1250 outputs for every block! That takes a significant part of block space to consolidate again.

TheQuin already answered this in his two replies.
Here's a review:

• Almost all mining pools have a setting where you can set your preferred auto-withdrawal amount, those users have set their value to 0.005BTC.
  Or it must be the widely used default minimum value that's why the number of withdrawals with that amount is higher than the rest. (like F2Pool, Antpool, Poolin, BTC.com, etc.)
• Most Exhanges sort their inputs (users' deposits) based on their value so when they consolidate, those with the close to similar values are the ones used together as inputs.

Plus, don't take an exchange like a wallet with few available inputs, some of those aren't from miners and we don't have a reliable way to check if all those are from miners, moreover from a single miner just because the amounts are approximately the same.

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I think there's no reason for me to extend the discussion about the "blockchain evidence" since your previous reply already answered your earlier post.
Like I said, Exchanges always consolidate their users' deposits; and the above.

regards