A point which has not been mentioned still (I think) is the relation between volatility, static supply and value proposition.
Bitcoin's value proposition is heavly tied to be a decentralized currency and store of value. If we continue to see so heavy price swings like in Bitcoin's history, then it's difficult for Bitcoin to become a currency which can be used as an "unit of account". The (a little bit less ambitious) "store of value" concept works currently in the long term but not in the short/middle term. You can still not be safe to not lose 10 or more % in a single week.
Static supply (21 million coins cap)
on a first glance is the underlying reason: if supply is static (or grows slowly) then the price depends largely on demand swings.
I don't consider this problem unsolvable though, even without protocol changes. Because the "technical" Bitcoin supply (all Bitcoins in circulation) is not all available "on the markets" and thus probably doesn't necessarily drive the price down. So it's a challenge where solutions should be found by creative businesses, service providers and programmers.
One possible version of the challenge is: how can you convince people that in times with lower demand for
BTC it's better to reduce the available supply at markets? For example you could imagine models where you "park" your coins somewhere, for example locking them and getting interest like in the "staking" concept but only in bear markets. Now imagine that in a non-custodial way. As for example options can be designed with
atomic swap technology, perhaps more complex models can be designed with Bitcoin Script too.
The other possible way is simply using it more as a currency to boost liquidity and make it less vulnerable to price swings, but that depends on scalability and on L2 development.
The unsustainability of mining due to halvings, two more halvings and it's over if nothing is changed.
I'm still waiting for a coherent response on what I wrote
in the thread about Ordinals. In general I think your view of the mining industry is too static, there's a lot going on which will counter the problems you enumerate, from miner diversification to surplus energy mining. If there was a good moment to attack Bitcoin it was the 2021 Chinese exodus.
@DrHodler59: It would be cool if you'd participate in the threads you create :p