I'd imagine that if mining remained decentralized and the powers-that-be realized "it just ain't gonna" happen that they would be incentisized to keep full-nodes up and transfered their wealth into bitcoin at that point because they know their wealth would be preserved. If these incentivesized full nodes are running (as I translated Satoshi's message IMO) that's fine because we have powerful players supporting the nodes we know the network won't be "not" relaying/securing blocks for a long time.
Everything hinges around mining decentralization. If this is possible then having full-nodes won't be a problem.
And how many nodes does that represents exactly being
fully decentralized? If 1000 nodes is enough, then can we consider 1M nodes to be unnecessary? No?
Miner decentralization matters more than full-node decentralization. It takes half of the miners to become regulated to cause havok, while half of the full-nodes can be removed with no affect to the network.
Agreed but how does the block size limit influence miners centralization if most miners rely on mining pools.
block propagation delays with bigger blocks causing miners to tend towards using networks that offer no anonymity because Tor et all increase latency. That's just one thing it does. It also increases pool to pool header synchronization (centralization) to get a head start on mining next block. The first point is stronger because if miners can't remain anon then it can be subject to a regulation attack. (not to be confused with anonymous coin transfers)
Actually bigger blocks do not effect miners ability to be anonymous whatsoever. It does effect the pools ability to be anonymous. However today there are no anonymous pools and I do not think this should be a necessary requirement for a sufficient degree of decentralization, since pools can be setup anywhere in the world and I do not think that the powers that be will be able to bring consistent regulation to bear in every jurisdiction in the world, which is what would be required to successfully censor or suppress Bitcoin under this model. It is important to make the distinction between mining centralization and pool centralization since they are in reality very different phenomena and we would be making a mistake to equate these two issues.
Is false, it affects solo miners, not pool miners.
I absolutely agree with this and that is my point. The vast majority of the Bitcoin network today is comprised of pooled miners. Furthermore I would not consider solo mining as necessarily favoring decentralization either, I have even calculated recently that it would require at minimum more then eight million dollars to setup a solo mining operation. The reason it is so expensive to solo mine is because you would require a very large amount of hashing power in order to decrease the variance of the reward. For such a large industrial mining operation I would consider the cost setting up a full node even with larger blocks trivial in comparison to the other costs involved with such an operation. Therefore I do not consider solo mining as an important aspect of decentralization.
Just like the US has jurisdiction of internet censorship across the world as long as it involves US in any way? (They can make up things along the way since it is not set in stone what constitutes involvement).
I do not think that the US for example will be able to enforce such a policy in every part of the world, including rogue states. It would only take one small pool to include the censored transactions and render the efforts of the tyrants futile after all. It is true however that if a single global power could control and censor the entire internet then that would compromise Bitcoin, however increasing the blocksize would not effect the outcome of such a scenario, which I do not think would take place.
Maybe a project like maidsafe might be able to save Bitcoin if such a scenario did take place, imagine the confusion that the Bitcoin maximalists will experience when they realize that Bitcoin has been saved by an "altcoin".
So what you say is true only for pooled miners.
Absolutely correct, and public pools represent more then seventy percent of the hash power today, and the rest of the mining power is represented by large industrial miners like Bitfury, KNC, 21 Inc, and some more. If these are the solo miners that we should protect for the sake of decentralization, that would not make any sense to me, I would even consider that a contradictory argument.
In this sense pools actually aid decentralization. Having twenty pools with thousands of individual miners is far more decentralized then just having a hundred solo miners.
But the effect of bigger blocks needs to be considered on how it affects pools ability to remain a viable business because of reduced security margins and having to compete with bigger pools effective monopoly (centralized mining).
I do not think we need to be concerned with the pools ability to remain a viable business, if their costs increase they can just increase their fee, I do not see how that is a problem, I also do not think we should be overly concerned about mining profitability in terms of the block size at least considering that Bitcoin mining is very much a self balancing system. You are however again conflating the separate issues of mining centralization and pool centralization. Since when we do separate these two issues it obscures the reality that the hashpower is in control of the miners not the pools. The miners are incentivized to do what is good for Bitcoin, they will not allow a monopoly to form because it would undermine part of the value proposition of Bitcoin. This is the game theory and aspects of human psychology that keeps Bitcoin secure, that is in part of why the pools are not approaching fifty one percent anymore.
If we have pool monopolies and regulation risks on solo miners we run the risk of losing decentralization of mining on the network.
I agree with this statement, however I do not think that the miners would allow pool monopolies to form, It is already very difficult to start a new pool because you would require such a large amount of hashpower to overcome variance, this is not because of the cost of running a full node however. If a majority of the pools did become comprised I do think that the miners would move to new pools, which would lead to a situation where small new pools might be able to gather enough hashpower in order for that pool to become viable. Increasing the block size does not impact the ability for miners to be anonymous since the data they send to the pool is very small regardless of the block size.
I am actually a small miner myself and I do see the danger of mining centralization, however I do not think it comes from increasing the blocksize, mining centralization is due to economies of scale and centralization of manufacturing. Consider becoming a miner yourself and help keep Bitcoin decentralized.