Poverty, legal identity etc. are major concerns in the third-world countries. Data says one-third of children in the world still lack legal identity (sourced from Informationweek). Poverty and lack of food still kill thousands of people. Can Blockchain put an end to all this?
It can reduce the cost of intermediaries in certain cases, but you would still need someone to enforce what is said in the blockchain. For instance, if you put information regarding a property of yours in the blockchain, just because it says so in the blockchain, it doesn't magically put a barrier in your physical property that stops people from entering. So you still need a government to enforce violence upon thieves to protect your private property, or at least some sort of private security. You can think many examples like these.
People that think blockchain will dis-intermediate everything and render governments completely useless are not being realistic in my book.
Now what blockchain can do, at least a censorship resistance one like Bitcoin, is to protect your wealth from evil governments, to move value across the globe without permission etc, which is already an huge thing and insanely undervalued.