I thought (wrongly it seems!) that an address was literally that - an address where the funds were going TO - just like an address on an envelope or a bank account IBAN number.
I bet they did not use the same address (which you presented) but the address from which the transaction was initiated.
Each transaction needs to have at least one sender address and at least one recipient address. The recipient (in your case the casino) knows from which address the funds have been sent. As a result, they may initiate a new transaction to that address. Much like when replying to someone's email.
i.e. I knew you could use the same address multiple times to send funds to the same place, but I didn't know they could be sent back on the same #.
Basically yes. It is possible to send and receive coins to the same address in one transaction (I have never tried that) but, as I stated before, I doubt that is the case here. They most likely sent the funds to an address that may still be unknown to you (the address from which the funds were originally sent to the casino).
How do you know Coinbase knows that? Or did I miss something? There is a possibility that Coinbase has a database with the addresses of well-known casinos or the casino has a recognizable (vanity) address. But I don't know if that matters at all now in this case.
Cheers