Inflation in this case is the increase in the supply of money (sometimes called money supply inflation).
At the point where the graph indicates 10% it means the money supply is growing at 10% annualized rate at that point in time.
It is sometimes useful for people to be specific (price inflation vs money supply inflation). Obviously both "sides" believe their definition of inflation is the right one but it always leads to confusion and/or fights. If everyone simply used the terms price inflation or money supply inflation it would always be clear.
Keynesianists like to hide their ponzi scheme by highlighting price inflation isnt it?
In bitcoin its hard to calculate price inflation, and I think, its mostly price deflation going on, due to the rapid acceleration of services, big competition and price increase of bitcoin.
I dont know many examples, but look at faucet payouts and advertising costs and signature campaign, these 3 prices have been constantly going down, so we have price deflation and monetary inflation in bitcoin (but they are not causing eachother).