Because you're talking about bitcoin effectively replacing the dollar, the yen, the yuan, etc throughout the world. Governments aren't going to give up control over their currency without a fight. I am bullish about bitcoin, but not that bullish. Yes, it's peer to peer, the government can't just shut it down like they could with, Ripple for example, but my bet is that one or several governments would execute a 51% attack against bitcoin if it truly got to the point where it would be threatening their control over their own currency. Even if it gets to the point where it would cost $1 billion to execute such an attack, I think the government would do it if that's their only way of controlling bitcoin.
For a 51% attack, an organization would first need to ramp up their mining operation gradually. (I wouldn't be surprised if they already are.) If they didn't, the massive jump in mining volume would alert the community to the attacker's presence and make an attack easily reversible. This takes time, and time means the market grows (imo). The bigger the market, the more miners are attracted to invest, and the faster processors get. This makes such an attack even more difficult to pull off; not to mention that the central bank attackers would be making profit through all this and may decide the profit is more valuable than control before an attack is instantiated.
Creating that large of a mining operation, even over a period of say 18 months, would be very, very difficult from the supply side. The attacker would need to set up manufacturing chains to create the rig network. Chains of that scale are challenging, if not impossible, to hide, not to mention all the loyal engineers that will be needed to set it all up and oversee. Leaking would be a real risk.
In any case, such an attack is trivial to detect quickly and while it can't easily be prevented, it can be recovered from, with some possible collateral damage. I wouldn't be surprised at all if many government central banks colluded on a 51% attack at some point. They'd better get cracking though; the longer they wait, the more expensive it will be.
So, a 51% attack would not "shut down" Bitcoin. It would merely be a speedbump.