Devcoin is a token currency to fund open source developers who create software, hardware, articles, music, and other stuff:
https://github.com/Unthinkingbit/charity/wiki/Devcoin-Description
Another way of looking at devcoin is to compare it to Ithaca Hours:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca_Hours
I posted a link to the wikipedia article rather than the Ithaca Hours website because the Ithaca website is badly designed or broken.
Ithaca Hours are paper money, which costs roughly 0.1 USD to make:
http://consumerist.com/2011/03/rising-cotton-costs-make-paper-money-more-expensive-to-print.html
which is roughly 1% of their 10 USD value.
Devcoins are electronic coins for which the miners get 10% of the value.
Ithaca Hours are granted to Ithaca non-profit organizations:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithaca_Hours#Economic_development
Devcoins are granted to developers on the bitcoin donation list:
https://github.com/Unthinkingbit/charity/blob/e5621e493d6a44472d3aa4679420f1bacce16039/bitcoindonationinformation.html
the devcoin share list:
https://github.com/Unthinkingbit/charity/blob/e5621e493d6a44472d3aa4679420f1bacce16039/devcoinshare.html
and devcoin bounties and in future other open source bounties:
https://github.com/Unthinkingbit/charity/wiki/Devcoin-Bounty
There is confusion about devcoin, but devcoin is just a token currency like Ithaca Hours, or the Christiania coin:
http://www.utopiskehorisonter.dk/engelsk/comcur.htm
Worgl Schillings:
http://www.globalideasbank.org/site/bank/idea.php?ideaId=904
United States Notes:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Note
http://www.john-f-kennedy.net/thefederalreserve.htm
Colonial Script:
http://www.kamron.com/Liberty/colonial_script.htm
http://1zipmont.wordpress.com/the-status-quo/the-founding-fathers-colonial-script-the-federal-reserve-and-the-national-debt/
Devcoin is simply the first electronic, peer to peer, token currency.