BIP 16 (P2SH) demonstrated a "soft fork" network upgrade: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0016.mediawiki
BIP 34 demonstrated a majority-lock-in block format change, exercising a decentralized upgrade process: https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0034.mediawiki
Bitcoin developers may let the ecosystem design interesting new features (hello, Ethereum!) and then incorporate them into bitcoin.
Bitcoin is a living, growing, changing thing.
http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/2anxr1/reminder_bitcoin_protocol_designed_to_be/
http://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/2ao1be/jgarzik_says_they_can_just_hack_ethereum_into/
Bitcoin developers may let the ecosystem design interesting new features (hello, Ethereum!) and then incorporate them into bitcoin. That line right there, is extremely important. It means if an alt-coin were to design something "innovative" and it's using the Bitcoin codebase, Bitcoin can simply incorporate whatever features that alt-coin has, into Bitcoin.
GO BITCOIN!!
and what if its not using the bitcoin code base and is totally incompatible? what then?
That's it. If the alt-coin isn't using Bitcoin's codebase/Bitcoin-based, then Bitcoin can't incorporate w/e(features etc) that Alt-coin has. Basically, alt-coins that use Bitcoin's codebase are useless, because as mentioned by OP, Bitcoin can simply copy what that alt-coin has into Bitcoin itself. Alt-coins that aren't using Bitcoin's codebase are the only ones that stand a chance to even remotely stand alongside/compete with Bitcoin.
ok great now we have established that, please refer to this post and note the very partial list of features.
for the record, nxt is totally new codebase.
https://bitcointalksearch.org/topic/m.7847575
still "go bitcoin"?
edit: eeehhh BUUUUURRRN!!!!!.
As you've seen with Vericoin, PoS is not the way to go. The attacker gained over 30% of Vericoins coin supply, making him eligable to do the Nothing-at-Stake attack...and it ended with a rollback, which destroyed Vericoin's fungibility and future as a cryptocurrency. That would of never happened to a PoW coin.
NXT faces that same issue+the absolutely horrible distribution.
actually it was nothing to do with vericoin. vericoin was the target of the hack, but it was the exchange that was hacked. vericoin itself was never hacked. that "nothing-at-stake" thing it total nonsense aswell. even vitalik buterin called over to the nxt forum to discus it and he stated that nxt actually does things far better than he thought and agreed they had solved(or nxt never suffered from) nothing-at-stake. i can link that to you if you want? as for distribution, that will solve itself over the long term.
First of all, yes the attack was on Mintpal, not Vericoin. But that's the only thing you've said that was correct....The attacker managed to get over 30% of all Vericoins, with 30% of Vericoin's in his hands, he had a decent enough chance to do a Nothing-at-Stake attack. Read here: http://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/1oi7su/criticisms_of_proofofstake/, and Please read here http://ftp://ftp.gate.cnrs.fr/RePEc/2014/1404.pdf
It details how a Nothing at Stake attack can be done. Along with that attack being a huge threat, there are many other issues with PoS coins, such as they eventually Centralize over Time.
And for NXT's distribution, it will never get any better. The first 50 NXT addresses Own over 48% of all NXT coins there is. NXT's distribution, unfortunately, will always be doomed. 50 addresses, of which 1 individual possibly owns more than 1, stands among the worst distributions there ever was for a cryptocoin.
read here: https://nxtforum.org/general/how-does-nxt-fix-the-nothing-at-stake-problem/
can you explain how they become centralised over time? due to "rich getting richer"? i could say the same about mining. how many times has "51%" attack been an issue in the last 6 months? an entire 50% of mining power has been controlled by one party multiple times.
i actually agree with you that the distribution was very bad and still is, and its one of the reasons i heavily support nem.
ok lets for the sake of making some kind of progress, assume you are correct.
enter nem - New Economy movement.
PoS + PoI (proof of importance)
3000 original stake holders 1200 being veteran accounts - sock puppets removed via taint analysis. each stake holder getting an equal amount being 1 million nem.
proof of importance is an algorithm that decides your forging power based on how important you are to the network by giving a weight to every transaction - or lack of transactions - you do. ie. hoarders are punished for hoarding, you get higher weight the more you distribute the coin and higher weight for the more transactions you do to other nodes who are also of benefit to the network. sending transactions back and forth from your own accounts actually lowers your importance. this eliminates the "rich getting richer" issue and promotes the growth of a healthy network and incentivises distribution. i stand by the "nothing at stake" being pure bollox but even if it wasnt PoI would eliminate that issue if it was an issue.
due to having 3000 stake holders getting equal amounts - the initial distribution is a gigantic benefit. due to PoI the network is poised for rapid growth and then add the 3000 people. thats a network effect with incentive to grow the network effect. with little fear of anyone dumping. PoI ensures that rich dont get richer and the little guy can get just as high a chance of forging as a large holder.
nem is also written from scratch so bitcoin cant clone any of it. it will support all the features of nxt - plus more not yet announced.
its a given that nxt does have advantages over bitcoin but it also has flaws of its own. nem has these benefits over bitcoin plus benefits over nxt and doesnt have the flaws of nxt or bitcoin. sounds to good to be true right? well its not. nem stakes were trading for 1500 dollars prior to the alpha release - there are many reasons for that, the ones iv listed being only a handful.
want to find out more?