Unfortunately, I´m afraid there is no further action we can do here in that so specific case.
I agree, but what will you do now that Electrum can't run on your Windows 10? If you haven't thought about it, how about install Linux OS along with Windows 10 or use another computer/laptop?
I had something similar a while ago and I want to agree with #ETFbitcoin on having to re-install the Operating system. I also tried to re-install the latest Electrum version without any success. There are obviously some file dependencies with the Windows 10 Operating system files that might be corrupted.
I also had problems with Chrome Apps and my Ledger Nano, so I decided to have a clean start and to re-install the whole Operating system and it worked 100% for me. The synchronization with the Electrum servers are also much faster now, so I am very glad that I did it.
I know it might not be the most convenient solution, because you cannot simply re-install everything when something goes wrong with one application, but looking at the whole thread.. it looks like you tried everything else.
A buddy of mine had something similar, but he found out that the executable that he downloaded got corrupted and he then downloaded a fresh copy from the site and it worked fine. Are you using the same file you downloaded or did you try downloading it again from the site?