Is a day trader who uses an exchange that doesn't realize any USD and leaves their coin/fiat all in the exchange until they're ready to withdraw required to register as an MSB?
Hi CoinEntropy. I'll try to give a fact pattern. Johnny lives in NYC and has a day job. At night, on breaks and on weekends, he trades crypto in high frequencies and volumes. It is all for his own account, and all for personal investment purposes. He does not accept anyone else's money, has no "customers" and uses a (fictional) fully-compliant exchange. Is Johnny an MSB under the BSA as interpreted by FinCEN's March 2013 guidance?
Unfortunately, there is no explicit exemption from the MSB classification for using a registered and licensed exchange. This is one of the many curiosities to be found in the guidance, most of which result from the regulations themselves not accounting for digital currency (round peg-square hole). Nonetheless, there is a threshold requirement for classification as an MSB under the March guidance: operating as a business. There is no black and white definition that I'm aware of as to what constitutes a business. There are only factors. Here, in my mind, the factors weigh against classification as a business. Johnny doesn't trade on behalf of any customers - only himself. He has no investors. He collects no fees for his services. In fact, he does have a job, and it isn't this. He doesn't even trade during work hours. Counting against this is the high volume and frequency of his trades. It's not a slam dunk, and a court could disagree, but I would be comfortable arguing that Johnny is not operating as a business, and therefore not an MSB. Hope that helps!