if their algos keep a continually falling lid on prices and price perceptions such that the market never "turns up" materially, funded by unlimited supplies of fiat only, then it is an effective social/economic attack that will inevitably sideline bitcoin as a useful currency. The exchanges that facilitate manipulative pricing algorithms on their platforms are accomplices in this attack on bitcoin and imho should be treated as such.
NB: this has nothing to do with my support for implementing 2-way pegs in the protocol.
except that shorting requires borrowing existing BTC on the exchange of which there is only a theoretically limited supply. this is where naked shorting potentially enters the picture and any exchange who allows this should be black balled and reported to the authorities for illegal practices hopefully to be shut down. but of course, getting them to do anything is another story.
and yes, i think you're allowing the bear mkt to influence your perception that Bitcoin isn't working in the US. Bitcoin cannot not work in an isolated geographical region imo. it will route around that area until it forces capitulation of affected area.
I've been through at least 3 bitcoin bear markets (maybe 4?) so I don't think it is doom colouring my perception. Coinbase and Circle are nothing more than revamped PayPals built on top of bitcoin, not sure that BitPay is that much better. End user solutions that maximise the decentralisation benefits of bitcoin's digital cash are not even on the drawing board in USA because of absolute obsequiousness towards the Almighty State dictat there.
There is Abra which is a considerable challenge to AML/KYC laws