(So I am asking have the amount of dollars in circulation tripled since 2008? :|)
Well this is the monetary base. So it isn't all dollars it is the fed's balance sheet. But since the monetary base is the starting point for FRB yes the amount of dollars has "exploded" over the last couple years. Here is the equivalent chart for the M2.
The FED only know one way to stimulate the economy and that is to pour dollars on everything like gasoline. The M2 has "only" expanded 60% or so in the last three years. Why? The FED can't directly change the amount of money in circulation. It can only create conditions where banks increase debt which produces more money. However banks have found this great loophole. They borrow money from the FED for essentially 0% dump it into Tbonds for 2% to 3% and collect a nearly risk free return.
Still 60% M2 inflation in three years is pretty huge. You may be wondering if the number of dollars has increased by 60%+ why haven't prices almost doubled. Well velocity has fallen off a cliff.
The more the economy stagnates the more the FED does the only thing it can do which is print more dollars, however banks are growing loans so the economy sees less and less of that money. So the fed keeps printing and printing and printing in order to coax the economy to life. Kinda like someone who can't get a barbaque lit so their solution is to keep dumping gasoline on it. One gallon doesn't work, lets try 2 gallons, 5 gallons, 50 gallons, hey back up that tanker truck.
However if the economy ever grew by any significant % suddenly their would be a "shortage" of dollars velocity would skyrocket and that would be the spark for an inflationary inferno. Of course the omniprescent FED will see this coming and contract the money supply at the perfect time to neither hurt growth nor let inflation get out of control. If it sounds highly risk, don't worry the FED has a great track record with the almost inhuman precision needed to manipulate the world's large economy. As an example of their awesome skill in manipulating the economy to maximum benefit, take a look at the housing bubble. They quickly saw that low interest rates were fueling an utterly unstable bubble in housing prices and were able to gently bring prices down averting the recession of 2008 and expanding the economic expansion for 2000 straight through 2013 with massive growth in real GDP, employment, and overall prosperity ... er wait.