A regular trader in most exchanges pays between 0.02% and 0.1% as maker or taker fees. Maker fees are lower in most exchanges, which makes it even more economical to be a maker, so you should make sure you are trading as a maker if you don't want to pay higher. Even if you are paying 0.1% in fees, it costs you $0.1 for a $100 trade, which is only an example I'm using because most exchanges wouldn't even charge you that much.
Binance charges 0.02% to makers and 0.05% to takers as regular traders, and these fees reduce as you grow higher in VIP levels. So when you say that a large chunk of your profits are taken by the fees charged by centralized exchanges, that is a bit excessive. Paying $0.05 as trading fee for a $100 trade isn't too much, in my opinion. After all, exchanges have to earn money as well for providing the services to you.
All in all, I believe that we are not really losing that much to fee's, trading is fine and the exchanges should be making some fee considering how much they are putting into this. Think of Binance, they are holding 100+ billion dollars worth of money on their coffers so we can trade, the risk they are taking is huge, I would gladly pay whatever fee they want and that's the truth.