4. There are two possible ways to deploy/implement SegWit, as a softfork or as a hardfork. SegWit as a hardfork would allow a slightly cleaner implementation but would also require replay protection (as the exchanges have specifically asked for lately). SWSF does not require replay protection assuming a hashrate majority. Replay protection is difficult thus SegWit as a hardfork would altogether cause more technical debt than SWSF. Also a hardfork is generally considered of higher risk and would take a longer preparation time.
Sorry, it seems people have had their heads FOHK'ed with (Fear of Hard Fork).
There is little difference between the dangers of a soft fork and a hard fork.
In the event of a soft fork we have:
1.) The old chain exists with a more permissive set of rules.
2.) The new chain exists with a more restrictive set of rules.
In a hard fork we have:
1.) The old chain exists with a more restrictive set of rules.
2.) The new chain exists with a more permissive set of rules.
So they look exactly the same during a chain split.
The only difference is that a soft fork is backwards compatible because its more restrictive set of rules.
In the event of a successful soft fork, older nodes continue to operate as normal.
In the event of a successful hard fork, older nodes become unsynced and have to upgrade.
In the event of a contentious fork, hard of soft, it becomes an economically damaging clusterfuck until the winning fork is determined (the longest chain) or a bilateral split occurs (the minority chain implements replay protection)*.
* Strictly speaking the software forking away from the existing protocol (hard of soft) should be the version that implements relay protection as you cannot demand the existing protocol chain to change its behaviour. In practice though, the aim is not to create a permanent chain split and achieve consensus, so the minority chain should end up orphaned off, and any transactions that occur during any temporary chain split should end up confirmed on the main chain.