... the money transmission laws and regulations are written very broadly.
Agreed. And I've been working with my State Representative to try and clarify this a bit.
They almost certainly apply even if you are exchanging one crypto-currency for another, and no "real money" is involved.
Absolutely.
It just annoys me when people try to say "but it's not real money" when they know very well that the other half of the transaction was the very thing that they like to call "real money".
The only saving grace is that the laws only apply if you are operating "a business" -- so occasional lowish-value person-to-person exchanges done as a favor to friends at no markup from the current exchange rate is probably perfectly legal.
Perhaps, but that's a very arbitrary line, and it is impossible to know just how much volume you have to move or how much profit you have to take for the jury to decide that you are a business after all.
If I am doing a person-to-person exchange with my father and I charge him a 10% markup, is it a business?
If I am charging no markup according to the BitStamp rate, but compared to other exchanges it is marked up, and I'm selling to a Facebook friend of a Facebook friend, is it a business?
The net result is to discourage those that are trying to behave from doing anything at all, so that the only people that remain are those that don't care if they are engaging in illegal activity or not.