In a certain Japanese cartoon series, in the near future 300 years from now, Earth gets almost all it's power from the Sun through a ring of solar panels a few kilometers up above in the sky, around the planet.
I can imagine this will start with a few electric companies that decide to send a few dozen satellites into space. Then a few hundred later on. All orbiting our planet, and transmitting microwave energy into collection antennas on the surface.
That's a pretty common science fiction theme, but it's not going to happen.
Think about it: if you were a sovereign nation, would you want some other nation (with whom you might have disagreements) putting a huge power beam transmitter into orbit that could have the capability of focusing its beam into a tolerably surgical death ray?
You almost certainly would care for that...
Will the gasoline and electric companies allow it? Not if they can help it. There's money to be made!
It might happen, although it is understood that it can be a weapon, if there were agreements before about it's actual and intended use. If it were used inappropriately at any time, it would be shot down. Or it can be made in a such a way as to only orbit its owner's country or company and then they wouldn't have to worry about it give energy to anyone who won't pay.
Gasoline companies are now going into renewable energy. Shell is an example. They know oil is going to run out, so they are researching other ways of making money while they still can, and then move over to the next territory.
Solar power is not free. You need to set up the panels. The panels on the surface of the earth are less efficient than if they were in space, however there have been studies made where solar panels on earth can take up a small portion and be sufficient to power the world right now. I'm guessing if it's too expensive to send up some panels into space, power companies (or governments) will set up panels on giant man made islands along the equator line (where the sun is most powerful).
Then you'd have to protect those panels from the environment and from pirates and from rivals.
Yes, capitalism has this way of not really caring for the bigger picture and focusing more on "how much money can I make by doing this, and how can I stomp out my competition?" A combination of geo-thermal and solar would be great; there's lots of potential, if not free energy, to strike down the cost of it, but of course even that can be compensated by simply charging people the same rate as ever and pocketing the profits. Gasoline companies couldn't care less about renewable energy, they only go where their crowd is going. They'll find whatever the 'new' thing is, own it, and then charge everyone else several times more to use it. The problem today is energy is completely inefficient. America's one of the worst; if everyone needs to go places, and often to the exact same place from 8 to 5, why is public transportation so undeveloped? We figured out a while back that if you hang a train on magnets against a magnetized rail, you can make it go real fast, real efficient, and charge a small fee for using it. Set up such a system nationwide, with smaller, more local methods of transportation, perhaps trolleys or very conveniently placed train stations, and you can save on a lot of energy, where instead of individual vehicles getting crammed onto a road, you have one vehicle which can hold many--it would also be safer, but, that's another argument. A system like this will probably catch on today, if any entrepreneur wanted to screw with the gasoline companies, and take advantage of incredibly high gas prices.
If we're considering powering the world as it stands, we're going to have a hard time. Powering a more efficient set of societies is a much easier task to accomplish.