this is a real interesting discussion also because has been conducted with a scientific paper (peer review - 2 IF).
I am not going to analyze the full work (it will requires a lot of time...) but I will just take conclusion for some interesting point...
We present the first public dataset on gambling behaviour among a sample of Nigerian history undergraduates in select public universities. We believe it is the first study to also analyze sampling adequacy, missing data, normality, and outliers in undergraduate gambling behaviour data in Nigeria. Data from the study dataset may be useful for further comparative analytic surveys on undergraduate gambling behaviour across academic disciplines in Africa. It may be necessary to examine a multivariate dataset for gambling behaviour among undergraduate history students to shed more light on this problem. The study has some limitations such as that the dataset was only generated with a unidimensional scale, and that it was limited to undergraduate history students. To provide additional insight into this problem behaviour among undergraduate students, future research will have to extend its range of sample by encompassing a more expansive sample of undergraduate students. In future research, the gambling behaviour data should be collected using multi-dimensional scale, which will allow for additional insight into the problem gambling behaviour of undergraduate history students.
As you can see this is just 1 dataset (clear there are some bias due selection).
Moreover the authors clear said "The study has some limitations such as that the dataset was only generated with a unidimensional scale, and that it was limited to undergraduate history students".
This lead to "future research will have to extend its range of sample by encompassing a more expansive sample of undergraduate students".
You can consider this just as a "description" / show of some data that it's really hard to provide evidence.
Even if you can (hypothesis) find some real evidence this is limited to a specific dataset and a specific "population".
This doesn't means that this theory is unreal or anything else, just more evidences should be provided to have some conclusion.
As pointed already by other user, even "rich western countries" have an issue with gambling addiction.
I come from Italy and I can confirm in my country there was a "gambling mania" with scratch cards, bingo and slots.
I will not point out to poverty (some people many times have also a "normal job"). Personally I explain this with strong marketing and heavy promotion (watch this ... is Italian language but images are pretty clear ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKgkYxWoZ-M ).
But I think that lack of economic / statistic / math education has created the explosive mix
since people didn't realize what are the real chance of win and what are the risks related to this activity.
The gambling industry is the 3° in Italy
as turnover! Here some data taken from a reputable source...
https://www.aboutpharma.com/sanita-e-politica/gioco-patologico-nessuno-sa-quanti-ne-soffrano-in-italia-dove-le-scommesse-sono-la-terza-industria-nazionale-per-fatturato/