2 servers for doing that:
Minecraftcc.com
Earn per broken and placed block. Some satoshi per block depending on the type. Max payout of 0.01 btc per week to your normal wallet.
Bitquest.co
Earn 1 bit per emerald. Emeralds are not just in the ground like normal, but can also be obtained by killing monsters and trading to players.
Both servers are mostly vanilla with minor adjustments.
I added the: Play games for bitcoins. Section, thank you for the idea, i didnt remember to add it at first because i dont know many games that pay in bitcoins but i know there are some.
There is a strategy game of some sort that pays in bitcoins but i dont remember the name, if someone knows i would add it.