A lot of bad acid is simply acid that has been poorly manufactured or mishandled.
Pure acid is colorless. When LSD25 is exposed to heat or light (especially UV) or eventually time, it decomposes and one of the results is strychnine. This is why bad acid can give you stomach cramps. It's also why smaller doses (e.g. 30mcg) of bad acid can get you more messed up than 100mcg of pure acid. Back in the 1960s typical doses were more like 500mcg. For many years we were spoiled. My first acid was made by Sandoz in Switzerland and came through Stanford University in Palo Alto CA. Then we were getting Owsley acid made by the Grateful Dead's roadie/soundman Bear, also very pure (except for the occasional bit of amphetamine mixed in).
By the end of the 1960s the Pickard/Apperson organization in Berkeley CA was producing the bulk of the world's good clean acid. Any really high quality acid you bought in the 1970s-'90s was probably made by them. Unfortunately Apperson and Pickard were busted in a former missile silo (in Kansas, I believe) just after the turn of the century. Since then pure LSD has been hard to find.
Luckily this hasn't affected me. Alan Watts once said, "after you get the message, hang up the phone". My acid days are behind me. Timothy Leary pointed me toward turning on, tuning in, and dropping out, and acid filled in the details.
Thank you Hoffman, Leary, Bear (and Jerry G), Pickard, Apperson, and all the others for making my life better than most people only dream of.