Lightning Network a thread to BTC.
I do not know why I am compelled to do this, but this particular FUD is so annoying. I just want to point out why it is wrong.
Once the block subsidy is very low, or over, then fees will be what pay miners. If we continue on with blocks the size they are fees will go up quite a bit. This will not matter because it will be being used as the settlement layer. Transactions will be batched by LSPs, and other people willing to pay high fees to enshrine transactions in the immutable layer. It is conceivable that transaction fees could end up in the thousands of dollars (by today's failing standard).
The circular nonsense people believe about this is annoying. You can;t have both. If lightning and other 2nd layers are a success then there will ALWAYS be transactions in line to get on the base layer.
Now I am sure someone MIGHT be able make a good argument why fees will not ever be enough to support the miners. But so far I have never heard it, and THAT is certainly not it.
The reality is it may be bad for btc and mining.
The reality we were whaling back in spring of 2021 over 68k big fees in block and miners were counting their soon to be riches.
The reality is LN got actived more completely in spring of 2021 we have not had 1 btc fee blocks since that happened and BTC has pretty much crashed to a 30k level.
But that is short term let us wait and see if btc comes back.
If it does not than LN will have done a lot of harm to BTC
Most people do not understand what LN will do for or against miners since the time period of wide enacting is only about 1 year.
My gut is it is a terrible idea since that second layer (LN) is very much like staking but I simply do not know much about the world. I will wait and see if 1 btc fee blocks ever come back like they used to do.
I think you may not be thinking enough levels deep. The very first email response to Satoshi's announcemnet laid out the problem immediately:
![](https://ip.bitcointalk.org/?u=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.cointelegraph.com%2Fuploads%2F2021-11%2Fe8cfb5ab-41e0-4015-851f-cbeb66aa3d22.JPG&t=669&c=OqgM6KwYB7nE6w)
A couple years later Hal Finney made a similar point:
Actually there is a very good reason for Bitcoin-backed banks to exist, issuing their own digital cash currency, redeemable for bitcoins. Bitcoin itself cannot scale to have every single financial transaction in the world be broadcast to everyone and included in the block chain. There needs to be a secondary level of payment systems which is lighter weight and more efficient. Likewise, the time needed for Bitcoin transactions to finalize will be impractical for medium to large value purchases.
Bitcoin backed banks will solve these problems. They can work like banks did before nationalization of currency. Different banks can have different policies, some more aggressive, some more conservative. Some would be fractional reserve while others may be 100% Bitcoin backed. Interest rates may vary. Cash from some banks may trade at a discount to that from others.
George Selgin has worked out the theory of competitive free banking in detail, and he argues that such a system would be stable, inflation resistant and self-regulating.
I believe this will be the ultimate fate of Bitcoin, to be the "high-powered money" that serves as a reserve currency for banks that issue their own digital cash. Most Bitcoin transactions will occur between banks, to settle net transfers. Bitcoin transactions by private individuals will be as rare as... well, as Bitcoin based purchases are today.
Bitcoin itself cannot scale to have every single financial transaction in the world be broadcast to everyone and included in the block chain. That's the crux. That is the point of the blocksize wars. And there has been disagreement here forever. It can be argued that Satoshi himself even seemed to intend for Bitcoin to scale "on chain". But we have realized over time that this is not possible. You cannot have a broadcast network broadcasting 10,000 TPS to a immutable ledger without centralizing.
Therefore... IF we scale to where the whole world is using Bitcoin as the foundation of a
payment system, and the blocksize remains where it is now then block space is going to become EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE. Because there will be a huge demand for base layer transactions. Put another way, if lightning (and other layer two systems) get a large amount of traffic then the node operators are going to have to pay the miners to settle channel balances. And the miners will be setting those fees.
In fact, if we are going to keep blocks small the ONLY way bitcoin survives is for base layer fees to go up to replace enough of the subsidy that mining stays worth it. In that sense layer 2 does not "steal income from miners" it ENABLES it. If we can only have 3,500 transactions a block max, then we will need to see fees in the ~$200 range to replace the current subsidy. And the only way to justify fees like that is to have a 2nd layer on which trivial transactions can take place and to use the base layer for settlement. Lightinng will not have hurt the miners... it will have saved them.
And the argument that we should increase blocksize enough to handle all the transactions... well enough has been written on that. And the reality is it would still be technically quite difficult to have that much traffic being broadcast to EVERY node each 10 minutes.
Not to mention the fact that 10m is not fast enough for small transactions. Buying a car? No problem we can sit for a while at the dealership. Buying a bowl of Pho'. Nope. Takes too long.
So the puzzle now is how to use bitcoin in a trust minimized way on a second layer from which settlement can take place on the base.
I also wonder if we might see the consensus emerge for increases to the block size. Obviously this is a contentious topic and some believe we can never see it happen because of the code becoming ossified. But if that happens, though it will not turn Bitcoin into being able to do broadcast layer microtransactions, it WILL at least allow for more transactions, and therefore more total fees per block. As tech advnaces I think it will not be too long before the chain and network could su stain a 3-20x increase in resource needs.
You are a miner. How will enabling millions upon millions of transactions a day not increase demand for Layer 1 space?