I'm not sure where you got these numbers
What you say may in fact be true in respect to credit cards specifically or in some very special cases (which I doubt, by the way), but as I use regular payment cards (otherwise known as debit cards), I don't pay anything. Nada. Null. Zilch. And while it may in fact take a few days to settle these transactions inside the payment system, this doesn't in the least affect me as a customer as payments with these cards are instant
I don't really know what you refer to here
As you might already be aware, I live in Russia. Two days ago I made an order at iHerb, an American company, paying them with my payment card (which is in Russian rubles, just in case). They received my payment instantly (probably already in dollars). But since I forgot to apply some discount code (called promo code there), I canceled my order immediately and got a refund as fast as my first payment went through. Then I reordered and I didn't have to wait till my follow-up payment was accepted by iHerb. Technically, for me, all these payments and refunds went through in real time. So much for waiting 3 days (or whatever)
They are in fact forced as crypto is not universally accepted to make this conversion optional or unnecessary