It is not "outdated", it is just not something that works in most places and in regards to most things.
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So, you need to find a way to understand what it works on and what it doesn't work on. Obviously it is "outdated" like you said in things like crypto, if you are looking for Bitcoins IV then you are going to not end up with something that is profitable, because it doesn't really have any at all.
Intrinsic value is an old concept that basically says
the value "in itself" Thus in stocks it's the underlying company or firm's value. It's obvious, stock value = firm's value. However, in modern education, they (the professors) often link the term to teach present value of cash flows approach, which is flawed, thus outdated IMO. It still uses historical cash flows analysis + cash flows forecast. Give the task to 1000 people to determine the intrinsic value of a stock and they'll come up with 1000 different numbers.
In Bitcoin, the intrinsic value concept is even more strange. What's the value "in itself" of Bitcoin. The coin doesn't have underlying company and cash flows. You can use the approach of cost/work tho, but it doesn't give an excellent answer either.
I like how you put it. Imo those are two main factors too. But regarding to Bitcoin, although utility is there and scarcity is definitely there too, it is still so hard, almost impossible, I'd say, to say even roughly, is it trading below its "intrinsic value" right now, for example.
Well, if you ask many economists including Dr. Nouriel, he'll say the intrinsic value of Bitcoin is zero
They aren't lying tho since the intrinsic value approach is not correct.
You can use a different approach, let's say VISA ($469.22B) + Mastercard ($344.99B) at least Bitcoin market cap is $814.21B <= utility only from payment processing. There are other payment networks, so you can incorporate it into your estimation. Or if you think there are other utilities other than payment, you can add it as well.