If it changes often and this causes orphaned shares, what would the downside of changing it less frequently be?
I don't know if it changes every share or every few shares, but I'm not sure how the frequency of difficulty changes, alone is causing extra DOA/orphaned shares. If, when you started looking for a share the difficulty was 800 and you find a share that is valid for difficulty <= 800, the only way that that wouldn't be valid is if someone else found a share in between when you started looking and when you found a share (which is the only time the difficulty changes). But if that happens, then your share is DOA anyway because your share doesn't build off the most recent share (which arrived at your node and changed the difficulty).
Maybe I am missing something, though?