Is the European Union or Democracy necessary to keep peace on Europe (and the world, since a general war on Europe would probably be a world war)?
Not exactly. Only certain Europeans believe that they are responsible for their own security and for the peace on Europe.
The European politicians that proclaim that the end of the European Union would mean war on Europe are overstating their own importance.
The one that real keeps world peace (let's forget about the regional wars that they also create)
is the United States and their
pax americana.
It's the Americans that control Germany, Russia and China. This point doesn't even need much consideration. Just check their military bases and their military power in Europe and the world (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases).
They have so many bases or similar military installations on Germany (56!) that this country can be considered as still under American "occupation" (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Army_installations_in_Germany).
Yes, the European Union and Democracy help. They avoid some frictions and assist controlling the ones that can't be avoided (I'm not going to comment directly on the so-called democratic pacifism:
http://www.hoover.org/research/myth-democratic-pacifism).
But if we can learn a lesson from First World War is that peace can't be kept only because of economic ties.
This War was a trade (and economic) catastrophe, greater than Second War World, where international trade was already ruined by the 1929 crisis and never recovered to the levels of 1914 (
https://ourworldindata.org/international-trade/).
During the July Crisis of 1914, when a general war was starting to look very likely, all European stock exchanges crashed like if there was no tomorrow, ending up being closed (
https://www.aeaweb.org/annual_mtg_papers/2007/0105_1015_1002.pdf; http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2014-08-01/august-1914-when-global-stock-markets-closed).
So, forget about economic and purely political ties as guarantees of peace. Unless the European Union could create armed forces based on direct recruitment of the European citizens (it couldn't be based on troops from member States or it wouldn't be enough to control the powerful ones), it won't be any serious guarantee of peace.But political unions like the European Union, usually, are temporary. They are too unstable. Power it's too distributed, so their decision process is a nightmare. They can't function well.
If they don't develop to a full Federal State (like the American confederation of 1781 or the German Confederation of 1815) they end up being dissolved, irrelevant or limited to little more than trade unions (think on the Sweden–Norway, United Arab Republic or the Commonwealth of Independent States created by Russia with some former soviet countries).
It's seems now that the European Union won't have political will or conditions to develop into a Federal Union.Its current prolonged economic crisis, the huge debt of almost all of their States, their demographic decadence, rising nationalism, xenophobia and popular resentment, all are pointing to a new financial/euro and political crisis that will have the power to destroy it or reduce it to little more than a trade union.Super Mario (Draghi), who saved the euro on July 2012, will do his best again. But...
There is still a small hope that a few member states can use the brexit as a trigger to create more intense political ties between them. But the popular support for this movement is very doubtful.Besides the French (29 May 2005) and Dutch (1 June 2005) referendums against the European Constitution (done still on favorable economic conditions), on 3 December 2015, the Danish voted on a referendum against giving more powers to the Union (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum,_2015).
With disappointment, I'm starting to wonder if this brexit isn't going to be the first exit of many more (
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/06/23/these-countries-could-be-next-if-britain-leaves-the-e-u/).
This new looming euro/debt/banking crisis has the potential to not only destroy the European Union as political entity, but it might also ruin some European Democracies.
No doubt, that won't affect the real guarantee of world peace: the pax americana (and its nuclear weapons).But if someone like Trump won the American presidency, the pax americana could be in risk (
http://www.newsweek.com/trump-isolationism-alarm-nationalism-liberalism-allies-realism-445630; http://www.newsweek.com/trump-will-withdraw-nato-world-455272).
And nuclear weapons are an effective, but dangerous, guarantee of peace. If they fail, we end down with an execution of MAD (mutual assured destruction).
This text is an exercise of futurology.
Futurology isn't anything special. We do it all the time on our life. The main function of science is precisely to show us the future.
When we enter a building, we made a prediction that it wouldn't collapse on us. This is a prediction based on the trust we have on the science underlying its construction.
The problem is that there are only a few "laws" that we can qualify as scientific (of course, only if we accept their probabilistic and not exact nature) on human scientific issues, like these ones.
So, you know the recommendations: never do a prediction; if you make the mistake of doing one, never put it on writing; if you even so do that, at least never add a date to the prediction. Therefore, I won't.
Actually, I'm hoping I'm very wrong.
The European Union might not be as important to peace as some people thinks, at least with the current structure. But if it could be converted into a federal state, the issues of State debt would be overcome and it would be a serious guarantee of peace.
But it seems the opportunity was lost on 2005 and there won't be another one.