Brought this over from the ASICMINER thread.
I don't think an exchange (Havelock) paying issuers to operate assets is much different.
Such situations could potentially be abused, but it's not very likely on a PT.
The situations are quite different.
The potential conflicts of interest of being an exchange operator and asset issuer at the same time include these possibilities:
1 - The operator can stall arbitrage by delaying manual bitcoin withdrawals. This provides a front-runner advantage by delaying bitcoin withdrawals to buy cheaper elsewhere before other BTCT.co customers can.
2 - The operator can trade freely, without worrying about most trade fees. This provides opportunity to inflate volume, and manipulate prices with low risk.
3 - The operator can see who owns shares, who represents any order, who is depositing/withdrawing coin, who is importing/exporting shares, who is running bots, and pretty much anything that may give an advantage over customers.
I want to be clear that I respect Burnside and BTCT.co, and I am not accusing anyone of anything, but the reality is that a PT operator has much less power than one that is also running the exchange.
These are some pretty good points. Definitely worth addressing. I've numbered them in the quote to make clearer which I am addressing. (keep in mind as I lay this out that much of this applies to all exchanges and their operators.)
1) I don't have an MPEx or Havelock account. (I do want to try out Havelock tho.) I tried doing some ASICMINER arb early on with Bitfunder. Shifting BTC around is the easy part, it's a big pain to shift shares around!
I guess that's not a complete answer. The other point I'd make is that the opportunity is nearly always going to go to the person with an order sitting in the order book, or failing that, to the person with coins already on the exchange ready to go. It's not like BTC moves at the speed of light.
2) What TAT is saying here is that because I get back dividends on my LTC-GLOBAL shares, trading is cheaper for me overall. This is true and trading for "near free" is definitely a benefit, but you won't find me trading very often. I have a day job, (a very busy and rewarding day job at that) plus relationships to maintain at home. I'm not a day trader, just don't have time for it. I'd also argue that "near free" is already the case for most everyone trading at 0.2%/trade.
Also true that I could trump up the volume by trading back and forth on my own account. This would certainly mislead people in terms of how popular they believe the exchange to be, but this is not an issue related to "being both an issuer and the exchange operator". Because as issuer there is no benefit to drumming up volume. All the benefit is in being the exchange operator and drumming up volume. Thus this issue applies evenly across exchanges to all operators and has little bearing on my operation of ASICMINER-PT.
3) I can definitely see who owns shares of what. (My admin interface is essentially the same as the issuer interface, except I get it on all issues and I can edit contracts.) Tracking who has what orders is possible, but is not built into the interface. I'd have to make manual database queries to track specific order book entries. I can see account balances if I query by username, and I do see usernames on all manual withdrawals. What I don't really understand is how knowing this is exploitable? Issuers can also see all their shareholders and their share counts. They could use that (and how it changes over time) to guess at who has what on the books. I feel like I must be missing something here.
Finally, there are things you didn't mention that I could do, and I know it's because you're giving me the benefit of the doubt. I certainly appreciate that. (again, keep in mind as I lay this out that this is true for ALL exchanges and their operators.)
- I could reorder the book so that my orders always go first when orders are made at the same price.
- I could positively or negatively influence share price to my benefit on issues by posting in favor of, or in opposition to issues on the market. Sometimes I really hate being an operator for this reason. I'd love to post all kinds of stuff evaluating the various issues, but I can't because doing so could so easily be abused.
- I could run a fractional reserve and buy myself a car with everyone's deposited coins. I've thought about publishing our cold wallet address for transparency. Probably the better approach would be to have someone trusted audit things. ** see note below
- I could help myself to people's accounts and blame it on hackers.
There's probably more, but you get the idea. Keep in mind that these risks are risks you have with ALL exchange operators on ALL the exchanges. When trying to figure out where you want to trade, you need to take these risks into account. Evaluate the operator. Can you trust them? If not, you're probably better off keeping your coins in your own wallet.
Cheers.
** fractional reserve side note here... I just coded up a sanity check the other day to make sure coins weren't "leaking" out of the hot wallet via site holes. Turns out I AM running a fractional reserve... to the tune of ~0.08 BTC.
I'm pretty sure it's from all the withdrawal fees the site was eating prior to implementing the 0.0025 minimum account reserve. Prior to that accounts frequently went negative fractions of a BTC due to the bitcoind fees. I went through and zero'd them all out using site funds. So that 0.08 BTC will have to be withheld from the next dividend to balance things out.