Here are my steps that work. I'm pretty sure that some of the following steps are unnecessary, but I know that it works.
If anyone can help cut out the stuff that's superfluous, that'd be great.
Steps to compile Bitcoin Core 64-bit using "Bash on Ubuntu on Windows":
//To run this on your system, change the user directory of "mmortal03" in the steps below to whatever your bash user name is.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
//restart bash to be safe
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libtool autotools-dev autoconf automake curl
sudo apt-get install -y libqt5gui5 libqt5dbus5 qttools5-dev qttools5-dev-tools libprotobuf-dev
sudo apt-get install -y libqt5core5a pkg-config git libdb4.8-dev libdb4.8++-dev
sudo apt-get install -y g++-mingw-w64-i686 mingw-w64-i686-dev g++-mingw-w64-x86-64 mingw-w64-x86-64-dev
//restart bash to be safe
git clone
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.gitcd bitcoin
git checkout v0.14.0
//or git checkout master
//or git checkout f8a709161f3710fe62e05988a9101933944489fb .
cd /home/mmortal03/bitcoin/depends
make HOST=x86_64-w64-mingw32 -j4
cd /home/mmortal03/bitcoin/src/secp256k1
libtoolize --force
aclocal
autoheader
automake --force-missing --add-missing
autoconf
./configure --prefix=$PWD/depends/x86_64-w64-mingw32
make HOST=x86_64-w64-mingw32 -j4
cd /home/mmortal03/bitcoin/src/univalue
libtoolize --force
aclocal
autoheader
automake --force-missing --add-missing
autoconf
./configure --prefix=$PWD/depends/x86_64-w64-mingw32
make HOST=x86_64-w64-mingw32 -j4
cd /home/mmortal03/bitcoin
libtoolize --force
aclocal
autoheader
automake --force-missing --add-missing
autoconf
./configure --prefix=$PWD/depends/x86_64-w64-mingw32 --with-gui=qt5 --enable-tests=no --disable-gui-tests --disable-bench
make -k HOST=x86_64-w64-mingw32 -j4
//ignore any invalid pointer errors here, as the clean in next step should fix it
make clean
make HOST=x86_64-w64-mingw32 -j4
You can browse to C:\Users\mmortal03\AppData\Local\lxss\home\mmortal03\bitcoin,
and search for *.exe to pull up the executables. Copy them elsewhere and you should be good to go.