From my point of view, it is not those crowdfunding methods are a scam but people who are taking advantage of hyped technologies for their own benefits. Wherever they will see the opportunity to scam investors, will make that try. So crypto investors must be ready and cautious for golden looking technologies and related projects.
The best way to avoid these scams is to actually wait for their promised product to be ready and then invest although you will get the token at a slightly higher cost but at least you know they have something solid to get the price going and the market will respond slowly but surely.There is no way one can differentiate between scam and legit tokens in the ICO phase because there are way too many scams and more like 5-10% are legit and the scam ones actually advertise and popularize themselves better than the legit ones so it is nearly impossible to spot them hence use the safe method and wait for a big exchange listing or at least some progress on the product they promised.
