I don't think that it is a matter of long-term investing or intraday as they both have right to exist and both can bring profits.
The main thing for trader to make as much profit as they can is to have a strategy or at least some plan. The example that you mentioned is too theoretical especially for stocks. It is next to impossible for a stock to double its price within 24 hours. It is a very rare occasion. More than that, assume that the bitcoin price goes north all day long and by the end of the day it reaches the point of 150% of its initial price. The price usually goes steadily and slowly: imagine an intraday trader who sees that the price has gone 20% up. I bet that most of the short-term traders will take the profit and will not wait till the end of the day because he will be too afraid to lose these 20%.
That is why, it is not the timeframe which is most important here, but the trader's strategy and expectations.
The difference between crypto going 100% in 24 hours and having a long term investment is that you could make 100x return without realizing. My friend just got 3600 dollars from some investment he made in 2017 back in the day, he invested only 50 bucks to it, he didn't check it or looked at it ever since, he is that kind of long term investor that goes out and buys hundreds of coins in 50 bucks and just leaves them be, he has thousands of dollars in btc-eth-bnb but aside from that it is all 50 bucks investments to over 100+ coins, probably closer to 300-400 coins by now.
Most of them are around the same price now, some of them are very low, some of them are totally gone and do not worth cents, but there are those rare ones one or two here that made him a huge return, the 3600 return was just a chance but at the end of the day he still made it.