username18333; Nietzches analysis of value was interesting. Must read him (at some point in the distant future
).
(Perhaps I have not been clear?)
Value depends on the individual valuer (the subject), according to what supports his life best, everything (in his life) taken into account.
It would seem to me that, under
postmodern Epicureanism, "[v]alue" (Erdogan), an element of the hyperreal (as indicated by its definition in terms of "the individual" [Erdogan], which references an undefined group wherefrom "the individual" [Erdogan] constitutes such), exists for "the individual valuer" because they are both symbols of a network thereof (exclusively). "[H]is life" (Erdogan), as an element of the real ("his" can be understood to reference any male human physically extant), does not relate to value in any tangiable way. Instead (again, under postmodern Epicureanism), it (i.e., fear) is "the sum of all fears" as they are manifest for a given stimulus (i.e., "capital"). As fear mounts, value does so in turn.
The (historical) price of something is a guideline for every trader. If he knows the price of yesterday, he knows the approximate value that others placed on the thing in the past. Therefore he can calculate, and it is also quicker to find the bid or ask point that is likely to succeed with an executed trade.
An extrinsic assessment of this "sum of fears" would constitute "price" (Erdogan).
When each valuing individual starts to trade, the result of each trade is a price. The price is historical only, because the valuations change instantly and partly inconcient (using fast thinking). A price is expressed as a pair, apples can be priced in cows, and cows in apples. Money is also such a thing that is valued individually by everyone. Since money is practical for exchange (that is why those things are called money anyway), we see prices expressed in money a lot. And with many traders in the same arena, we have a market.
So his "solution" is NIRP and a cashless society to prevent anyone from escaping paying negative interest rates on their wealth. And use this resource extraction to continue to backstop the $250 trillion of debt in the world. In order words, Summers thinks we are stupid enough to be a dog chasing our tail wherein the excess "capital" is money we are expropriating from ourselves to prop up "capital" that would otherwise evaporate in a contagion of defaults. And then claim this excess capital that we stole from ourselves (via NIRP) is what is causing the excessive market demand for return of capital (aka safe haven) and thus NIRP.
Soc. We shall know better, my good friend, in a little while. The point which I should first wish to understand is whether the [capital] or [money] is beloved by the [1‱] because it is [money], or [money] because it is beloved of the [1‱].
(Germaneness mine.)