Below is an interesting read on some of the inner problems with the Chivo Wallet, mostly dating back to the initial days, but which presumably cost the Salvadorian government a pretty penny.
The articles below referenced, depict excerpts from Shaun Overton's testimony in a US court (Northern District Court of Texas). Overton’s company was hired by the Salvadorian government, later by Athena, to fix some of the early issues on the Chivo System in 2021. The testimony in the US Court is part of a claim against Athena for lack of payment for the rendered services, but it shines a light on some of the early faults.
Amongst the cited faults, some that we knew of, and some that I don’t recall reading before, lies a massive fault in the KYC procedure, which lead to paralyzing the procedure after just receiving 150 petitions, following its crash. That lead to the initial days having no real effective KYC being carried out, facilitating thousands and thousands of fake accounts to be created, claiming the 30$ bonus, using other people’s ID number and names to do so, with no verification to the person. Overall, Overton estimates 10%-20% of the created accounts to be fraudulent, effectively stealing between 12M$ and 24M $ from the Chivo System. The figure seems far a bit of a stretch to me, but that’s the estimate declared in the testimony.
Other interesting faults that came at a cost, that ring a bell to me were:
- BTC/USD rates were fixed for minute intervals, allowing people to skim earings through arbitrage.
- A coder managed to introduce a 1:1 BTC/USD pair value overnight by mistake, and although the night favoured people not being able to cash-out or transfer the erroneous operations performed with the said 1:1 parity, some managed to skim some off through LN TXs.
Although this was, for the most, really on the books of the Chivo System (no fiat TXs nor onchain involved), it did virtually (so as to say) cause El Salvador to become insolvent (around 180000 $ were trades for 180000 BTCs, with over 10 billion $ conceptual market value).
See (GT articles):
https://www-no--ficcion-com.translate.goog/project/us12millones-hurto-chivo-wallet?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=es&_x_tr_pto=wapphttps://www-elsalvador-com.translate.goog/noticias/negocios/chivo-wallet-empresa-fraudes-bitcoin-nayib-bukele/1020228/2022/?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=es&_x_tr_pto=wappThe former is a Guatemalan article, therefore numbers expressed with a prefix Q are in their local currency (Quetzals). The latter is a regular source for Salvadorian information, and references the former to derive its content.