All you need is 10% to 20% of hashpower.
What you do:
Shortly before an anticipated natural (or forced by selling) decline in hashrate you put your extra hash on BTC to make difficulty go up.
Now you sell off massively or use natural dynamics to your advantage. Once the miners drop out (10% to 15% of the network is enough) you withdraw your extra-hash from it.
Result: bitcoin is stuck at high difficulty as it retargets only every 2016 blocks. Blocks could take hours to solve. This will cause a further decline in value and people selling off as soon the news spread (selling can be reinforced at this point by the attacker) which in turn will lower hashrate until solving blocks takes so long the next difficulty adjustement can't be reached. Basically bitcoin remains stuck at high diff and with no network.
So if someone wanted to destroy bitcoin he just needed to find a way to collapse hashrate by 30% to 50% which can be easily done with a combined strategy of:
-providing parts of the hash yourself to cause higher difficulty and to be withdrawn later
-using anticipated natural decline
-selling coins in massive amounts
it's cheaper and more effective than any other attack. Every government or bank can do it.
Every time a decline in hashrate would be anticipated this attack becomes possible. (like right now - this exact attack could actually be on its way as we speak)
reference:
https://bitcointalksearch.org/topic/hypothetical-price-collapse-and-massive-farms-failure-912190