A fix for this can be to make a list of domains that need to avoid cache.
Then, concatenate the date, the hour and the actual minute to the url, this has to change dynamically with php.
That way every minute the request will be diferent forcing the proxy to reload the image.
For example this image:
http://btcticker.appspot.com/mtgox/1.00btc2eur.png
Will turn into:
http://btcticker.appspot.com/mtgox/1.00btc2eur.png?anticache=201312182259
Now, with the proxy:
https://images.weserv.nl/?url=btcticker.appspot.com/mtgox/1.00btc2eur.png%3Fanticache=201312182254&fnr
Note: use %3F to encode ? and %26 to encode &.
The format is YEAR MONTH DAY HOUR MINUTE
This way we have a 60 seconds cache + https in images + not leaking ips to whitelist domains
This method will only be used by domains that need to avoid the cache.
That means you need to update the link every time you need it to update which somewhat defeats the purpose.
Has anyone checked whether the proxy respects the standard cache headers and options?