1) How do people think that bitcoin is actually anonymous? You would have to buy them with your debit card/credit card in which banks have your information... why would you think that this stuff is actually anonymous and could be used in such a way?
You can obtain bitcoin in many anonymous ways such as in person sales, mining, selling items for BTC. Banks are only part of the process if you include them.
2) How many people develop bitcoin? If it's a decentralized currency then if these people control how the currency works, how would that make it decentralized?
Bitcoin is open source and anyone in the world is free to work on it. Which fork is chosen to be the "real" bitcoin is a consensus process that is out of any one entities control. The developers have no more control over bitcoin than you or I.
3) If it is a currency that can be used in a sort of anonymous way, then how can governments regulate it in a way to make sure that people aren't funding bad organizations like ISIS and drug lords? "Harpua" has told me about what silk road was and the way the darknet markets work, but how can this be prevented?
Maybe they can't? That is not my problem. Software does not have to include the ability for a government agency to invade our privacy. Many of us do not want them to track us because it is unethical, unsafe and unAmerican.
Not to mention that only a few of us live in America.
4) My dad works in a government facility where he deals with high clearance documents in a high security facility. His organization has just been recently hacked by the Chinese government and lost dozens of top secret information including SS#'s, locations of the homes of workers, basically any personal information about the workers of his business and his families (which includes me). How can cryptocurrencies ever be a secure enough form of transactions where governments and top notch hackers can't just find a way to hack into the blockchain database?
The government's "security" is a joke. Which is why it is unsafe for them to maintain files on us. As per your example: they can not retain that data and so should not be allowed to get it. Bitcoin was invented by people who do not believe in the idea of trust. The protocol does not tie identity to money the way all other systems do, so there is nothing to hack. All transactions are public, all code is open source, no data about identity is included.*
* Of course some ways of using bitcoin can lead back to you if a clever and persistent person tries. But this does not lead to your money, just to clues about who might have sent money from a given address.