I mentioned this point in my previous posts " Only Piss poor in ICC knockouts". In this department, Australia got an immense edge over India.
But in Test format, they are slightly lagging. One main parameter to judge is to just look at how both of these teams perform in each other's territories. The last time Australia won test series in India was way back in 2003-04 and India has won 2 series in Australia.
Don't judge Australia performance when they are up against low ranking teams like Pakistan or Windies, especially when they are playing at home. One can make an argument for an away series though, even against low ranking teams because most of the teams are largely dominating at home.
We can't justify anything here with our stats and calculation because main thing is who is winning and who is taking silverware with currently Australia is leading country, and they are doing impressive work with their quality and consistency even there is no doubt India is also good side with their recent results in all formats but still they are choking which is fact, and they need to overcome these weak points if they also want to have any mark around the cricketing world.
Australia is winning against weaker sides so can you justify South Africa is strong side or Afghanistan is strong side as all are having same level teams and same level conditions, but Australia is good and aggressive with they are also having best cricketing system which is producing the best players which are giving their best in all conditions.
IMO That's a horrible way to look at test format, saying this because you brought AFG so you are talking about all formats and we are discussing only test cricket.
First, There is virtually no doubt that Australia is an ICC tournament beast and at the same time, there is no requirement to take any sort of inspiration from White ball cricket regarding test cricket because bilateral cricket in white ball cricket is pretty much dead and it has no relevance in the world cricket, except filling the calender and talent hunting ground for teams.
For test cricket, well look at it this way.
BIG-3 and others
England: In the last 2 years, very competitive at home. Historically, clueless in Australia and India but under BAZBALL there might be some hope. Competitive in SA, NZ. The rest of the teams hardly matter because they don't have strong or consistent teams or England takes these tours as practice matches.
Australia: Dominant side at home against every team except India. Competitive against every team in away conditions, they draw and win series here n there regularly but it's been 2 decades for AUS to win any series in India.
India: No matter who is touring them, they just don't lose anything. In the last 12 years, they lost only 3-4 test matches. They also started winning in SENA conditions which wasn't the case before. Away/Home Series against BAN, WI and SL offer no glory to Indian players unless you are new or debutant and these series only come alive when these teams put in some sort of effort or compete against India.
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SA: At times Competetive and dominant at home but not so when they tour.
NZ: Dominant at home and competitive in England but always perform shit in Australia and India.
SL: Competetive at home and surprising in SA too but now they are in a dire situation.
PAK: In their last home season against Aus, Eng and NZ they failed to win a single match and they are not a good touring side as well unless they are playing against SL,Ban, WI. Sometimes they do compete in England though.
WI and BAN : Hopeless.