I thought that every form of one-sided settling ALWAYS included a waiting period. I don't see how it can work without. Because the "settlement" of today, is the "scamming broadcast" of tomorrow. If I had the possibility to settle one-sided and have my stash available IMMEDIATELY, the security in the LN channel would be gone, no ? I don't see how a one-sided (honest) settlement can NOT include a waiting time.
In the simplest terms, yes there is a "waiting period", however, that period (to the best of my understanding) comes before the transaction is finalized.
Since everyone seems to be fond of the traditional banking examples, the best way to term it is that LN is like writing post-dated checks.
Over-simplified, but:
You write the post-dated check with the understanding that it will not be cashed before that time. With LN, that post-date allows you both the chance to "rip up" the check and write a different check for a different amount (and the 1st check no longer exists). Much like with real post-dated checks, the holder can, at any time, deposit the check and the date becomes irrelevant (because banks stopped looking at dates long ago). LN allows both sides to "walk away" at any given time (I want no more hot dogs
or you don't want to sell me any more) and thus "finalizing" the most recent transaction.
Yes, but the coins committed in that channel will not become spendable before the waiting period. So you cannot commit them in another channel, and you cannot use them in a classical transaction, before that period. They are unspendable UTXO before the end of the waiting period (that's exactly what the waiting period is made for !). Contrary to banks, bitcoin does look at dates.
So, if I was planning to buy 16 hot dogs with you, I have to commit right now the price of 16 hot dogs (say, 32 mBTC) in a channel with you. If I buy one hot dog, I send you a LN transaction in that channel so that you are now the owner of 2 mBTC, but my other 30 mBTC are still committed in that channel. If I find the hot dog you sold me, disgusting, I will change my mind, and want to buy my 15 other hot dogs elsewhere, but my 30 mBTC are still locked up in that channel with you.
I can do 2 possible things:
a) use the LN to pay another hot dog provider through you ; but I'm depending on you to ALLOW me to do that payment. You can always refuse/delay/.... any LN payment that goes through a channel with you. If you refuse to transmit my payment, the other hot dog seller will not be paid. You might have an incentive to not process transactions for your competitor. And I can't do anything else with my 30 mBTC in the channel with you as long as I keep that channel.
b) settle the channel with you, to get my 30 mBTC free. But then I have to pay an on-chain fee, I have to hope that my transaction will get included in the chain, and I won't be able to spend these 30 mBTC before the waiting period.
So once my 30 mBTC are locked up in the channel with you, and you don't give me the permission to spend them with your competitor, I have no way to pay my hot dog with your competitor using my 30 mBTC within the waiting period.