It transferred to the Winners.
It left a lot of losers. Those losers will neither have the appetite nor be in the same position to make Bitcoin investments as they once were. Simply put, those losers have left the market, leaving only the winners looking to make further winnings. Next time around, some of those winners will be losers. They will no longer have the appetite nor the means to make the same level of investments as they once did, etc etc.
This is a declining market. The present primary trend is undeniable. Bitcoin will go up and down, but overall it will go down or at best, simply stagnate and go knowhere anytime soon, as this is the natural momentum in a post bubble hyped up market, as an ever increasing volume of liquidity leaves the market, resulting in less and less fiat in play to keep the market propped up. The declining volumes on all the main exchanges would ratify this view. If one were to take a somewhat contrarian view that the big money is moving into Bitcoin but acquiring their BTC in OTC deals, then this is an ever bigger reason why Bitcoin will continue to go down, namely it would be in big money's interest to depress the price in order to get as good a deal for themselves as possible, before allowing/facilitating/forcing the market to rise again.
I suspect this 'bottom' will play out in similar fashion to late 2011 and the first half of 2013, where Bitcoin crashed to it's $2 low, then hovered around $5-$8 for months. Since Bitcoin has proven that it is unsustainable for the time being at $600, perhaps ~$500 will prove to be the consolidation zone in the fullness of time? Or perhaps this region will also prove unsustainable as either selling pressure from increased adoption (i.e. retailers converting immeidately to USD) and the lack of new liquidity forces existing traders to take profits and/or fold their hands? If that were to be the case, then look out below a few weeks down the line from here.
It's a mixed bag. You make a great point that this was a very arbitrary and manipulated event such that those who lost won't just feel the burn of the loss (and the diminished purchasing power that comes with it), but will also feel scammed -- that is whether or not that is an accurate characterization (it at least has an element of truth). Thus, you have to replace those guys, many of whom have at least been in the game for upwards of a year, with new blood... it probably won't happen. In some ways, that is why I was hoping for an even more dramatic fall and why I think BitFinex erred in trying to stabilize the market upwards (and anybody holding a bag very rightly would be thinking "f--- this guy" right now) -- the idea being that if the price was low enough that people thought they were getting in at the ground floor (let's say $250 - $350 range) then new people would likely flood in and expand the base. But, even that would be absurd because this was a market event without a proper impetus.