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If I understand something of the macro economics of bitcoin, you can say that the cost of the mining is of the order of the value of the inflation (somewhat less because miners want to make a profit). Now, the cost of mining is in part the hardware, and in part the energy. I don't know the ratio, but let's say half-half.
At the current inflation rate, which is 10%, the energy cost of mining per year would then be of the order of 5% of the market cap.
At a current market cap of $5 billion, the mining energy cost would then be $250 million per year. Let's put the price of a KWhr to $0.1 (in China and USA), then we have 2.5 billion KWhr per year, which comes down (there are 8760 Hrs in a year) to an average power consumption of 300 MW. That is still reasonable. A third of a big power plant for bitcoin to be mined.
However, imagine that bitcoin price goes up with a factor of 10. Then all the mining in the world would go to something like 3 GW - 3 nuclear power plants. If bitcoin takes over the world economy, and the market cap of bitcoin becomes the world fiat market cap, we arrive at 3000 GW. Now that's embarrassing. That's more than the world's electricity production !
First of all, the current 10% inflation is temporary, it will go down gradually over time.
Of course. But if you adhere to the S-curve adoption, the bending point (the middle of the S) will be somewhere in the not-too-far future according to that viewpoint (which is based upon theories of good money drives out bad ones, and so on).
Now, if the S-curve comes in before 2017, we are at 10% inflation. If the S-curve comes in before 2021, we are at 5% inflation. If the S-curve comes in before something like 2025, we are at 2.5% inflation.
So if "general adoption in the world" happens before 2017, ALL of the world's electricity will go to mining
If "general adoption in the world" happens before 2021, more than HALF OF THE WORLD's electricity will go to mining.
And if it happens before 2025, about a third of the world electricity production will go to mining.
Simply because the reward is SO HIGH, that it is beneficial to consume more electricity to mine.
If the full world economy runs on bitcoin (S curve, remember) a coin should have the value of what is now about $3 million. That's namely the amount of M2 fiat that circulates in the world right now if all coins become liquid. If there are still hodlers at that moment, coins will even be worth more under total adoption, because a smaller amount of coins than the full supply will have to carry all of the current M2 fiat worth.
If you mine before 2017, you'll obtain 3600 coins a day, which is the worth of 10 billion dollars of right now. More than the price of a nuclear power plant A DAY. The incentive to mine is HUGE.
So, if you adhere to the S-curve theory and "good money drives out bad money", there's no escaping of huge power consumption for mining if it happens before 2025.
So what logical options do you take ?
A) the S-curve is wrong
B) good money doesn't drive out bad money
C) it will happen after 2025 (then how will it keep up until then ?)
D) yes, miners will use up a large chunk of all electricity in the world !
Secondly, the amount of resources and energy spent on mining reflects the demand for competition in control for transactions.
Mining has nothing to do with market cap in the long run, adjustable difficulty reflects the demand for control.
The reward is given by the coin price, and hence by the market cap. If a day of mining brings in the equivalent value of 10 billion, you are going to be willing to use up a lot of electricity to get that value in your pocket, no ?