There is no evidence per se.
You just need to understand that nobody has the same information, it's a fact of life and whatever amount of centralisation you introduce in the production system will not change this fact. The best way to handle this is to allow information to circulate freely across the economy and the best way do to that is to let the price system convey them (it doesn't mean every body will have the same information, but it means it's the best way to distribute information). You can read the seminal paper The Use Of Knowledge in Society, written by Hayek if you want a more formal explanation.
Regarding externalities, you can read The Theory of the Firm, written by Coase. This paper explains that the more property rights are enforced the more tend to diminish the so called externalities (ie. externalities are no the consequence of the functionning of a market, but the consequences of a lack of thereof).
One could burp rather than uttering an unsubstantiated claim and get the same result.
"Nobody has the same information". That's right: this is the definition of asymmetric information. The solution to this issue is hard to envisage, not to mention to implement, and this is the fundamental reason why the much sought-after free-market "equilibrium" is a chimaera whose proponents, unbeknownst to them, effectively adopt an economic scheme in which, at the end of any process, there's a benevolent dictator who evens out any ruggedness (of which the concept of "
ceteris paribus", "all else being equal" is often a pernicious symptom).
Emissions, present in any economic activity, are an example of negative externalities and they can be addressed pricing them. Not doing so - thereby introducing a terrible mismatch in the resources valuation - is one of the failures of the "free market".
Nowadays in most countries the service sector make up more than the half of the GDP, so you mean that more than half of the world production is not real "production".
It's best to talk about economics by using the meaning of words which pertains to this discipline.
I only gave you the correct definition which seven-year-old children already master.
Would you say to "produce" a service? Of course services add to the gross domestic product, "product" in the monetary sense. Nevertheless, services are acts, performances.
The vocabulary doesn't bite, my friend.