I think the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC is the main influencer of fluctuations in oil prices. OPEC is a consortium that, as of 2020, is made up of 13 countries: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. According to 2018 statistics, OPEC controls almost 80% of the world's supply of oil reserves. The consortium sets production levels to meet global demand and can influence the price of oil and gas by increasing or decreasing production.
OPEC vowed to keep the price of oil above $100 a barrel for the foreseeable future, but in mid-2014, the price of oil began to tumble. It fell from a peak of above $100 a barrel to below $50 a barrel.3 OPEC was the major cause of cheap oil, as it refused to cut oil production, leading to the tumble in prices.
In trading, there are terms "price takers" and "price makers". Price makers are big players (or big boys) in an industry, while price takers are those who follow the price set by the price maker.
OPEC is not a price maker, crude oil-producing countries that are members of OPEC are not price makers, even Saudi Arabia, which has the largest oil production, is also not a price maker. The price maker is the "market". But the market here is not purely based on supply and demand but there are institutions that play and corporations that control.
For the price maker oil is the US because the US has a deterrent effect. Although physically in the Middle East, America still dominates so that it becomes a price maker. This is not separated from the United States military power in the Middle East.