Nemo, let me know if I have this right
Crimea became an autonomous republic within Ukraine when the latter became independent in 1991. In 1992 the Supreme Council of Russia (not sure if I have the exact name of that body right) decreed that the transfer of 1954 had been illegal. The government elected in Crimea promised in 1994 to return the peninsula to Russia, but the plan didn´t came to fruition. And in 1997 when Russia was totally bottoming in the Yeltsin mess the Russians conceded that Crimea was part of Ukraine after all; however I´m not so sure that they actually included Sevastopol in that concession. It seems unlikely, given the naval base´s huge importance for Russian national security.
Correct for the most part. Though it's the first time I hear of the Crimean government promising reunification with Russia - I don't see how they would be in any position to make such promises, especially taking the November 1993 events in Moscow - Yeltsin's coup d'etat and the massacre of the defenders of the Parliament - into account.
When it comes to Sevastopol, as far as I know, no written agreement was reached - Ukraine simply took it "by force". Sevastopol was not part of Crimea in any form - it was a "city of special Union importance" within USSR. When the Union fell apart, Russia was the legal heir of the Union, so Sevastopol should have become an enclave of the Russian Federation regardless of the status of Crimea.
The chronology of the 90s is interesting and important.
20th of January 1991 - referendum in the Crimean region of the Ukrainian SSR with the following wording "For recreation of Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
as a subject of USSR and a member of the Union agreement." 93.26% voted "for". Participated 1441019 people.
12th of February 1991 - Ukrainian Rada passes the law "On recreation of Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" and makes an amendment to the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR. However, said law ignored the highlighted part of the referendum question regarding Crimea becoming a separate republic.
24th of August 1991 - Supreme Council of Ukrainian SSR passes an act on independence of Ukraine.
4th of September 1991 - Supreme Council of the Crimean Autonomous republic passes a declaration about sovereignty of the republic within Ukraine.
1st of December 1991 - Crimeans participate in the Ukrainian referendum on independence of Ukraine. 54% voted for.
However the 3rd article of the Soviet Constitution "On the issue related to the exit of a union republic from the USSR" was violated. According to that article, a separate Crimean referendum should have been held, with the question of Crimea remaining as part of USSR or as part of Ukraine.5th of May 1992 - Supreme Council of Crimea passes "The act of proclamation of state independence of the Republic of Crimea". At the same time Russian Parliament voted for invalidation of the 1954 decision regarding transfer of Crimea into Ukrainian SSR.
6th of May 1992 - Supreme Council of Crimea passes the Crimean Constitution, which contradicts the Ukrainian Constitution. The post of the President of Crimea is also established. (This Crimean Constitution and the post of President were cancelled by Ukrainian Rada only on the 17th of March 1995.)
5th of December 1994 - Budapest memorandum, when Ukraine forfeited nuclear weapons, while the guarantor countries agreed to respect territorial integrity of Ukraine - de facto Russia forfeited claims on Crimea.
However, the Budapest memorandum was not ratified by any of the parties and is thus not legally binding.21st of October 1998 - A new Constitution of Crimea is passed. Pro-Russian sentiment in Crimea starts growing.
Galdur, I'll do some research into the 1994 promise that you allege to...