@anunymint, @Wind_FURY you guys better take care of your anti-segwit fork issue in a dedicated topic, imo.
And readers should read my points there as linked, because your recapitulation here didn’t address my point that pools are largely (not totally) irrelevant to the issue of centralization because miners can move if they do not like a pool’s behavior,
It is a weak argument, so much weak that although you made it somewhere in PoCW topic, I didn't consider it seriously. Byzantine fault tolerance needs more than few players for security, you already know it as a PBFT fan, don't you?
Saying that pools don't matter in this context, centralization of PoW, is the most weird thing ever. Yet, I'm not completely convinced about you being serious in saying that.
After all OP is the one who started this topic by accusing PoW to be doomed to centralization because of 'associations', isn't he?
yet winner-take-all centralization remains in proof-of-work (no matter how it is restructured) because* the global elite capitalists have control over the $billion ASIC fabs and the hydropower electricity at-scale (which they can get for free and charge to the governments they control). Thus by being the lowest-cost miners behind the curtain of anonymity, the global elite will entirely control Bitcoin surreptitiously as they designed it to be. Period.
*emphasis by me
As much as the predicate is false (PoW = winner-takes-all) your reasoning is irrelevant. ASICs are a challenge, no doubts, but a separate one. Ethereum is not 'ASICed' because of its memory hard algorithm and yet it is centralized by pools even more than bitcoin (only 3 pools control +50% Ethereum's total hashrate).
With or without ASICs, PoW is doomed to centralization because of
pooling pressure flaw, as long as it is implemented as a winner-takes-all variant.
Although bitcoin has not been overtaken by a 50%+1 attack (yet), pools are very powerful players in the ecosystem and there will be no future for bitcoin as a decentralized system with them, no improvements, no evolution.
ASIC is completely a different problem. I've spent a considerable time to fight against the "inevitability of ASICs" discourse going that far to suggest a strategy for bitcoin to get rid of ASICs, but now I'm realizing that pools are far more important points of failure. So, please let remain focused on pools instead of losing the direction.
IOW total centralization of control over mining of Bitcoin is not total centralization of the economy built on Bitcoin.
Now we have something to digest
Bitcoin is meant to be a monetary system based on a public, decentralized ledger maintained by a large number of players who can not practically collude to do anything harmful against users of the system.
Like any other monetary system, an economy is built around bitcoin. Although centralization of mining does not necessarily imply centralization of this economy, it is definitely a prohibitive factor.
For traditional economies built around fiat currencies and national central banks, it has been understood that economic growth is directly related to the confidence the investors/entrepreneurs have to the system
to function as it has been promised.
In under-developed countries where central banks have less autonomy and follow the governments' thirst for money instead of keeping their promise for regulating the financial market, economies collapse overnight.
Likewise, if bitcoin might fail to keep its promises like decentralization, security, immutability, anti-censorship, ... its economy would collapse not because of a stupid super-pool stealing funds but because of the sole fact of its
failure to fulfil its promise.
People won't wait for centralized mining to make a ridiculous move against them, they will just back-off whenever they feel it is not what they have invested in: a decentralized system.
We have a handful of currencies managed and supervised centrally by a huge system and a network of well organized, disciplined organisations for decades: USD, Euro, Pound, Yen, etc. Banks
mine these currencies transparently and keep our balances practically safe and secure and fees are not that high to be considered intolerable, ... so, why in the hell we should invest in bitcoin and build an economy when it is just another centralized system (based in China)?
Nevertheless
I remain steadfast that proof-of-work can’t be restructured in any variant to provide true mathematical transaction volume scalability.
Scalability is another separate issue too.
Seriously @anunymint, isn't it better to remain focused?