No. Look at China, Indonesia, Phillipines. Look at resurgent Iran and Turkey and Brazil. Accumulation of wealth takes time and dedication, but its not impossible. Likewise, rich wont stay rich, if they take it for granted.
I live in the Philippines and yes it is a VERY slow crawl up. In the news you either see its drug war or the growing economy. Very little of that wealth actually trickles down and it'd take a few more decades for policy changes to show their effects. For example, the additional 2 years in high school that would be devoted to a technical specialization would not make its effects know until all those kids graduated.
Depends on their government. Some are rich because of capitalist policies or have good natural resources. Some are poor because of poor management of the economy by their governments.
If the government is not interested in the welfare of its own citizens, then nothing can be done. Look at the African nations such as Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. These countries are very poor, despite the huge petroleum deposits.
I'm not very religious but we a have proverb here in my country, "to God, mercy; to man, action". Sitting on the largest lump of gold, diamond, or oil will not do anything if you don't work and manage it properly. Now the question is, how did some countries got to develop and benefit greatly from their resources (for example, KSA and its oil) while others didn't (example, Venezuela)?
Hi, I just want to let you know, that I absolutely, utterly love "moro armor" that blacksmiths in your country used to produce. Perfect convergence of aesthetics and practicality.
Now, on to the economics.
I belive, that your countrys turbulent history has alot to do with it. From what I could read up on it, unlike say Koreans or Japanese, various people of the islands were only united farly late during colonial period with major help from jezuits and european guns.
Now, what makes a country? Common language, culture (usually, but not always shaped by religion), shared history and values. Otherwise, you end up with privately run corporation with its people as slaves.
To amend differences between various, formerly independent tribes and make progressive changes, you need A LOT of time. Something only crazy people and religous freaks are capable of. Is Duterte man like that? Long term, I see no reason why your country wouldnt catch up with southern Europe or say Taiwan. IF it can resolve its internal friction.
Venezuela is specific in the fact, that it tried to take a shortcut. Forsake development of its civil society in favor of "leap forwards" as Chinese communists used to say. This never works out as state controlled development of every single aspect of citizens life undermines private enterprise and stumps their development. Once the regime falls, its people will have to start all over again. Like Russians or Ukrainians in 1990.