Most notably, the developers behind the network hope to open up mining to more participants by replacing bitcoin's mining algorithm with one that will enable it to be mined with graphics cards. The idea is to make big miners – sometimes controversial figures on the network – less relevant.
"Bitcoin gold will implement a proof-of-work change from bitcoin's SHA256 to Equihash, a memory-hard algorithm that is ASIC-resistant and optimized for GPU mining," explained pseudonymous bitcoin gold developer "The Sorrow."
I have doubts that it would succeed at the above goal (decentralization of mining) if it is successful in getting significant market capitalization. Once it becomes very profitable to mine, people who live in areas with cheap electricity will heavily mine it to the extent that it would be unprofitable to mine for people with average electricity costs.