First of all congratulations J4bberwock for the found that messy MCP4017T-503E and 12F1572.
i can explain that setup with simple way :
this specific pic has 10bit ADC and 5bit DAC. so, it reads a voltage and calculate a proper value of resistor then compare a setted one then send a Power good signal to Controller and also communicate with Digital pot for adjusting. if setted value can be handle with Dpot sobiet, if not pic immidiately handle the control for voltage raise/fall safety. Finally this is closed loop voltage controller circuit for safety not for adjusting.
Now, you will ask that to me or yourself, why they make another closed loop cycle like that (1.lm27402 has that). i think when some bm1385 chips fall(O to X) then inner voltage will raise, also think opposite, if some chips are greedy they decrease a inner voltage. This point is says to us, bm1385 is not working stable with alone.
I think it highly improbable that the PIC is operating a second layer of closed loop, safety based voltage control. The sort of information it would need to detect and react correctly to the fault situations you describe is just not available, and far from certain that attempting to compensate for them would be advisable. I could of course be, and often am wrong, but always happy to stick my neck out with an opinion.
The only parameter that it would make sense for the PIC to react to and adjust voltage for is Frequency, and unless that info was sent to the PIC by the Controller it is not available.
I think the PIC & Digital Pot are at the moment in place to allow a Factory adjustment to the Core Voltage to be made either to cope with batch variations in the BM1385 and / or to optimise each hash board for it's default frequency?
What does not quite make sense if this was the only objective is why they did not just use an EE as opposed to a RAM based Digital Pot and not bother with the PIC?
My best answer to this is that there is connection from the Controller to the PIC to allow at some future date a version of firmware to be released that allows setting of the Core voltage or even an automatic selection of core voltage with a frequency change?
When someone gets a chance tracing the connections to the PIC will reveal what is or could be possible?
Rich