FAQ By Topic:
DarcrusWhat is Darcrus? What is dAppsheet?Darcrus is a token that is tradable on NXT, Waves or any exchange that lists Darcrus. dAppsheet is the team’s first project utilizing Darcrus. dAppsheet will decentralize a business’ application using blockchain technology and automatically replicate their underlying database to tailor any tracking, billing accounting , authentication or service desk application to their specific needs. This will ensure trust and security. We will offer consulting services to businesses who need assistance building their custom GUI for accessing their dAppsheet. Software developed by the team will be open source with the exception of NDA-signed software developed for clients.
Will there be rewards to investors for profits earned from purchases from by businesses/clients?Yes, a percentage of profits generated by mining and direct client purchases will be used to purchase Darcrus from the sell book of the major participating exchanges. These tokens will then be burned.
Where did the name Darcrus come from? Any particular meaning?Darcrus came from my head, and checking around to see if there were anything named this.
So Darcrus is going to be structured like a business seeking services and solutions to customers right?Darcrus is the tokenized software that powers (some) dAppsheet apps. Sigwo Technologies will use Darcrus projects (see roadmap) for its' consultancy business. Closely related to the structure of any service-providing entity; IE Microsoft, Arcsight, Snort, McAfee, etc.
Where did the idea for the logo come from?My daughter likes the wolf, so she picked a photo she liked and I had a designer wireframe it.
On the ANN it says 5 mil DAR for current sigfarm/sigwonet asset holders. is 5 mil accurate? not 50 mil? So this is the second crowdsale?Darcrus is new project with different goals and purpose, Sigwo is just incorporating old assets to not leave old investors behind, these assets are still generating revenue each month from very long time
Can you explain how was the 5 million DAR allocated to SIGWONET and SIGFARM holders?I started SIGWONET in 2015 to raise funds and start my 'enterprise' on NXT. In total, I raised ~10 BTC? Perhaps a little more? I've paid over 3 million NXT back to those first investors
SIGFARM I started in April 2016. I've raised ~50btc, and returned almost 19,000USD (btc was under $500 when I started SIGFARM)
So, instead of leaving my first investors out in the cold, i am giving them a 1:1 swap for their current token holdings.
This is in the ANN for exact #'s of tokens outstanding, but I will be burning ~311k of my personal holdings in SIGWONET and SIGFARM, that i bought, not held. The other tokens for sigwonet and sigfarm will be burned after the ICO meets the minimum of 1000 btc.
Answer from MX: it is very simple, Sigwonet basically was based on trading bots development, decentralized asset exchanges swaps services on NXT including SuperNET multigateway service, Sigfarm started as great mining adventure and still brings revenues to asset holders, every month! from the start!, but these assets were always depending from NXT value, development and its platform as there was no asset-asset exchange or btc-asset exchange and there were no possibility to list it on traditional exchanges with standard rewards as "dividends", if you look at NXT chart i would say Steven did hell of the job while bringing still revenues to asset holders every month. Darcrus is different beast but will implement its all existing ideas also while working on dAppsheet for companies, having support of traditional exchanges and very promising new tech bringing great solutions to the worldSo is this like with the bitcoindark swap in Komodo? Swap SIGFARM for Darcrus.Yes, existing projects are being incorporated.
Where will the HQ be located?Headquarters is in Stafford, Virginia.
Are you creating your own blockchain or you'll be layering on to of other blockchains?Kinda both, but only fully private chains will be 'created'. The public chains will work from the platform in which they reside.
How many people are on the team?Right now, somewhere between 1 and 6. I do not want to make commitments to people until i reach my minimum. I want to hire full time personnel that drive Darcrus forward. I will be posting job descriptions and positions to be filled soon (not until prob 3rd week of ICO).
Who would you say is Darcrus' biggest competitor?Factom afaik is a registration sidechain which is much different than Darcrus, although I have not dug deep into anything they are doing. I would have to really dig to find another project that aims to do what we are trying to do. Possibly BigChainDB, although they seem to be missing any type of user interface.
How will the Sigfarm mining operations bring value to the Darcrus project after launch? Will Darcrus only work on Stratis?- Mining creates whatever coin the machines mine
- Those coins are sold for bitcoin
- That Bitcoin buys Darcrus in a buyback program from the exchanges' order books
- The Darcrus bought is burned
Private chains will not be 'strictly' Stratis.
Sounds like the exchange process would keep the DAR market liquid, Is this something completely new?There is at least one coin that I know of that uses this model, but their profits come from trading (Gambit). Multipools for a certain type of coin (that I built many of) do the same thing, but only if the pool mines profitable coins _AND_ the community mines at that pool. Far too often, multipools are paid for and built, just to have the 'community' abandon the project the following week. This structure is an acceptable way to reward those who hold their coins for the long haul.
A simple wallet like stratis will be really helpful for those who are not comfy with nxt.NXT is a great wallet and is user friendly. It takes a few minutes of getting 'comfy' and you'll see why it is a great platform to base the tokens of Darcrus.
In the future is there anything the Darcrus project could be utilised for in the coming IoT boom?There could definitely be a market for Darcrus and IoT, but that is not our core focus right now. It could be added to the core focus, depending on funds raised. As with any enduring business, strategic plans are built 36-72 months out at a very high level. That strategy will be built in the first few months. Thank you for your suggestion, please keep the great ideas flowing.
Sig, will you be the lead developer of the project? Or will you be the CEO who is handling all things etc? Or both?Depends on if you are asking about January 2017 or January 2018. I will be on the search for an operations manager and lead dev fairly quickly. I will direct a good portion of my time towards spreading the word and solutions of Darcrus.
Your previous post Sigwo “ I have in my head 5000-7000 BTC raised. That is sufficient to gain a nice development team, sales and engineer force, and marketing pros. When I take the average of 6.000 BTC and use the current BTC rate $ 750 that means $ 4.500.000. These funds are for 2016-2018 if I follow the roadmap.”
What makes it so expensive to need $ 4.500.000? Can you give some example of the costs? Just trying to understand why it costs this amount of money. I really have no clue what a normal developer in crypto costs for example. But it looks like a lot of money to me. It's good to make calculations up front for yourself and pay average costs instead of the highest, so you have room to keep money for new additions / projects.
For example if I think with common sense, like $ 1.000.000 is very much already and any efficient company should have money for that with normal salary and stuff? Again no idea what it costs, so just thinking and posting. Would love to understand it more. Because you don't need big purchases right? It's marketing and developers you need. Like for marketing $ 100.000 is already insanely much. $ 900.000 for 6 developers? Is $ 50.000 a developer a year, 3 years long. I understand that, but you get money out of the incomes as well of the project right? That should keep your company running, like other companies. It would give you extra motivation to keep the company running and making bigger profits etc. Instead of oh well I got a bag of 3 million left so no worries. Again just trying to understand.I plan on being in business longer than 2 years.
I'd like to be profitable and have cash to support expansion for additional language support. It's not 'oh I have a few mil in the bank' lol it's I'm safe to accelerate if needed, when needed. I would like to not wasting time trying to figure out how to pay people. And , Yes, we will be turning profits. At this stage of development, money in the bank > projected profits.
To summarize all the money questions. Marketing and developers are expensive. A project manager to keep everything on task. Sales teams w/ engineers that are not developing the apps (as i need them to be talking to customers, not programming and i need the programmers to program, not talk to customers) Office, travel, equipment, salary, and then just administrative costs of doing business. $100k for marketing is a drop in the bucket. Ask any large company how much their marketing/sales budget is and you will fall out of your chair.
But if Darcrus only raises 1500 BTC, I won't need the size or varied proficiency of languages due as we won't have separate “lanes” of development
I intend to invest a reasonable amount and want due diligence before i do. Want to know how far you thought about the tech and implications. your roadmap also has set some goals. Is that only with you developing or more developers? developers (good developers) in blockchain technology are very hard to find.I've thought well through the tech, implications, and have experience in running multiple multi-million dollar projects at the same time. Roadblocks and hiccups happen, but I will take them in stride and continue forward. I need good C++, Java, JS (web dev), Scala, and C# developers. A seasoned developer can learn blockchain just as they've learned to program.
Will there be a dilution of value or rewards from the Sigwo mining operations as it is spread across all Sigwo enterprises for token rewards on all projects?No, as there will be capital from the ICO to expand the operation, so more hashing power. Plus, I am cutting total SIGFARM tokens from 100million to 50 million with the combination of SIGFARM, SIGWONET, and launching Darcrus.
Would these tokens be used for licenses or something akin to that as described within the various use cases? Or would they simply be held as reward or value vehicles? Just wondering. I can see many use cases in IT infrastructures. The trick is to provide a product and service that a CIO or equivalent could get their head around.Yes to both.
Some companies will decide they need a nonpublic implementation, for example medical records. These companies can have our engineers design a totally private chain. To begin, this type of implementation does not require any 'check-in' with a public Blockchain. Some companies, like one that recently contacted me need their database public to verifiably prove the records exist and in what manner they exist. I will be hiring teams of sales and engineers, pairing them together in regions. From my regular current day job, I have many industry contacts that are always looking for new tech and improved ways of giving the customer increased capability
Tokens can be held, sold, or whatever you do with any other coin/token.
There are many use cases and there is no trick. Simply show the value of the product to solve a business use case and support their business processes. A CIO doesn't need to know a thing about blockchain to see a value in automatic and decentralized replication of data services with a double-click. They already accept a lot less with a lot more headache. If we go into a meeting trying to lead with 'this is a blockchain....' we will get laughed out of the room most likely.
Any future plans to have a few companies pilot these projects?Yes. Sigwo Technologies will be the first to have a pilot dAppsheet. I have had a crypto business already reach out for a discussion and a security/consulting business want to discuss Universal Second Factor (U2F) in the near future.
The U2F is just a added layer of security to the applications on your platform right?It's like using Google Authenticator but instead of a phone you use a Trezor or other HW wallet with private keys that never leave the device and are authenticated against the blockchain space. The real work to be done is how to decentrally
authorize users to certain aspects of a file store, database, web GUI, or bank account.
To grow this fast, you will need a lot of salespeople and developers. Once the platform is ready, are you going to approach VC's? Not that I am against it but just want to know what your plans are for the next round of funding.If i do it right, I won't need more funding as i stated, my plan is to not run out of funds. Approaching VC's prior to running out of money is an option. Since Sigwo Technologies is a BizSpark member, i can participate in VC meetings/pitches on that platform as well.
Is Darcrus a platform where others will be able to create additional dApps, like for Stratis as an example? or is Darcrus a closed platform where by development and dApps are built only by the Darcrus team?There will be templates for different platforms to build from. Only commissioned projects will be 'closed' if the business makes us, but will start from an open source template.
Why are you using an asset system for Darcrus ? What are the benefits?Asset have a inflation-less supply, thanks to token you can receive rewards in the future which come from sales, consultancy, providing support, data migration, making businesses life easier and safer and through providing them new features, deploying standard/custom versions of dAppshets, public versions can use Darcrus tokens as fuel (on Waves platform, as example) if they don't need to run on private chain, if company chooses private chain, it still needs to pay for the services we provide.
So regarding resource hours would you need a large team?No, the old way needs a lot of people. Darcrus teams can be much smaller. Darcrus eases the deployment schedule and recovery time. There are multiple teams on an enterprise enclave. depending on size of the network/amount of users depends on sizing of that team.
What are the differences between Darcrus and bigchaindb? I see that scalable database blockchain based already exists.They do not seem to be building complete solutions for businesses, rather just the backend database portion. Also, one size does not always fit all
Will developers be able to build apps onto of the darcrus platform? I just want to be clear on this. I'm referring to Developers who are not part of the Darcrus team, open source if you will, adding value to your platform, much like how Darcrus will be adding value to the Stratis platform, among others.Darcrus is not a platform, it is a middleware. For example, Waves is the platform, dAppsheet is the middleware that provides session connections via the Waves data transport layer. According to OSI, dAppheet is Layer 5 and up. Waves would take care of Layers 1-4. Darcrus will bring value to the entire blockchain ecosystem, not one particular 'currency'.
Will the developers need to be skilled in all languages across the different range of blockchains you plan on building for or will you have developers of a certain skillset creating solutions for specific blockchains?Outside developers will need language skillsets in whatever they are wanting to build. Devs will be hired in a specific language and cross-trained in others as we build out our offerings.
You said that you'll be pairing up sales and devs in different regions so these devs will need to be fluent in languages on all blockchains I would assume?As for regions, that is a future plan. For now we have these things called 'airplanes' that are made for us to travel in.
We also have great technology to have virtual meeting rooms and remote presentations. This happens a lot in the business world, where the sales manager travels to the potential or current customer's site and the pre-sales engineer dials in remotely and conducts a demo.
dAppsheet specificWhy should businesses or anybody with a database utilize dAppsheet ? and in summary how does it work ?Darcrus is an excellent solution if you have SLA requirements for ongoing uptime and data availability. dAppsheet will allow you to have robust copies of your database wherever you have a dAppsheet Node. It will ensure that you always have a verifiable database in multiple locations. In the case of an event your business will not see service disruption or data loss, except to see the DNS or load balancers failover to the available backend dAppsheet nodes. Changes to the dAppsheet database can only be done if you have access to relevant keys. Later in 2017, Trezor U2F authentication can also utilized for cryptographically verified logins.
How does dAppsheet utilise the blockchain?dAppsheets can use private chain AND private nodes or use public nodes as a private chain. There is 100% flexibility. dAppsheets will use Darcrus if they are on a public node. On a private node, there is no requirement for Darcrus as of now. In the future, private nodes could be required to publish 'checkpoints' in a public node. Darcrus gains value from the buyback program as discussed in the OP.
Can Darcrus and dAppsheet benefit and expand on, for example the Stratis platform?Companies that have signed up to use dAppsheets can choose to use nStratis as their base platform, if that is their in-house developer’s specialty. The company may choose to select a Java implementation (NXT/Ardor) as well. The flexibility will be incredible and they will still retain the same underlying value of the blockchain decentralization. dAppsheet is a generic term and businesses can choose their own name for their personalize system. Each dAppsheet can be the side/child chain of any compatible platform.
What kind of encryption/decryption and query response time are you looking at? The farther away data is from my geographical location, the more time consuming it will be to retrieve it. Are you going to have any hot spots for enterprises to avoid this issue?Encryption is done at tx (or data submission) time. decryption happens when data is pulled and a valid private key is presented.
Query response time will vary, depending on the application it is providing services for. Retrieval of information for human viewing will be via web GUI, so the blockchain will not be the bottleneck here.
Input latency will/can be as fast as a bitcoin transaction into the mempool, which is milliseconds. Blocks can be increased to store more data per TX, and the confirmation times can be lowered to verify blocks quicker. So instead of the '5-7 tx per second' bitcoin does now, you can increase blocks to 10mb and do 100 per second if needed. Also, if you need to grow, the dAppsheet can hardfork to increase with the business without expensive migrations. With technology such as Waves, they are projecting 1000's of transactions per second.
As to the worldwide database, it is replicated across many places, but the data is whole at each location. For example, if I set my Sigwo Technologies database up, I would have my 'main' node in Stafford, VA with other nodes close to or on premise of the other locations. My data retrieval does not go across multiple nodes. Much like bitcoin, the entire database is on each node, replicated to all nodes.
If the company uses darcrus, for the public blockchain , do they need to hold an amount of coins or actually have to spend coins per action.The company does not need to hold any certain amount, but they will need some to pay for the tx fees to the publicly available chain (a private chain from nStratis or Waves or NXT or Ardor) in Darcrus if that is how the base platform is built. For example, a public Waves dAppsheet, the company would need to have Darcrus to pay the Waves nodes the transaction fee.
What are your plans for a consultancy arm of the project? Given you said each GUI can be customised to a customer's needs, is that something that you envisaged paid professional services delivering. Or will it be so simple customers will expect to do this themselves, or is it just part of the base service?Answer by MXSteven is working daily in real life with similar businesses, data centers, databases, he is engineer, he is professional, he will be targeting the same and new businesses just by presenting own solution based on blockchain, there is a chance you will see some GUI during the ICO, we would like to present ready solution with nice GUI which can be accepted by customers at once and provide consultancy next additionally, yes GUI can be also customized for customer`s needs, a percentage of net profit from sales and consultancy will be added also to the buy back reward system.There will be differing levels of 'ease' for a dAppsheet. But even if/when we build a 'GUI dAppsheet Customizer' businesses will still need the deployment and security expertise for integration --> migration of their data. Things in businesses are never 'light switch ready'
Can you elaborate on what you mean by powering 'some' of the dAppsheet apps? How will other dAppsheets run if not using DAR? And will you be hiring a sales team to go out and sell your services when your platform is ready?First part of your question: some companies will decide they need a nonpublic implementation....IE medical records. These companies can have our engineers design a totally private chain. To begin, this type of implementation does not require any 'check-in' with a public Blockchain. Some companies needs the database public to verifiably prove the records exist and HOW they exist.
Yes I will be hiring teams of sales and engineers, pairing them together in regions. From my regular current day job, I have many industry contacts that are always looking for new tech and improved ways of giving the customer increased capability.
Are you creating your own blockchain or you'll be layering on to of other blockchains?Kinda both, but only fully private chains will be 'created'. The public chains will work from the platform in which they reside.
Am I right in saying that Darcrus and dAppsheet is looking to disrupt the Data Center industry. I mean it sounds like the problems Darcrus and dAppsheet is trying to solve are generally specific to Data Center services. At least where disaster recovery is concerned...How much data will allocated to each DAR? And how many entry credits to the network will each DAR represent?No, not trying to disrupt the datacenter. There is no 'data per DAR’ unless you mean 'how big are the blocks' and the upper limit has not been set. I'm trying disrupt 'how' things are stored, replicated, accessed, and verified. The data is not stored like SIA or STORJ on private person's storage. The company's data is stored on their own hardware (or cloud solution if they choose) but the data is automatically replicated in full across the company's node system.
If you create a big blockchain database. how will you cope with data bloat? how much data can be stored in a block and what is the Blocktime?Blockchain bloat is not a concern unless the company decides it wants to/requires to keep their database pruned. Block data storage and times are 100% customizable per implementation.
How can it be customizable? if they use your chain they need to comply with your transaction and confirmation times right?For example, Stratis private chains are customizable. Each business can have its own Blockchain, meaning they can give the requirements.
So a company can delete data which is in your blockchain?No, a company (or anyone without proper authorization) can't delete anything from someone else's chain.
Why should they switch to using the blockchain ? if it does not cost anything more they will just leave it there. If all companies think the same it will bloat as hell. or are there some kind of side chains?Most companies do not have a storage size problem, they have a verification and recovery problem. The current organization I am working for has petabytes of info...that data isn't going to get magically smaller. But Darcrus will solve replication to our hot site, restoration of services, and verification of the data as it is written to the dAppsheet's blockchain. No more fumbling with data archive tapes, outdated or non-licensed software, and broken restoration polices because they are too long or incur downtime that is not 'worth the risk to the company'....until you need that data recovered.
I was reading about an example about medical records of a hospital being stored on a private chain, and as we know when we want to obtain a copy of these records we have to pay them as the system stands currently with fiat. so would we be able to pay for access to our medical records on the chain using dar tokens, but the payment would be thru the public ledger?When you go to the hospital's site, you pay in fiat and it would be up to the hospital's prerogative if they converted to DAR on the backend. The DAR payment would be on a public chain. I honestly do not see this part happening, as DAR is not a currency 'replacement' token.
Can dAppsheet help in anyway to get medical records online and still be in a secure manner without having to go to the hospital or having them mail it but actually getting it through the chainYes, 100% , a hospital can provide outside connection to the records. But I honestly do not see it happening due to current HIPPA regulations and the risk the hospital would have to be comfortable with. This could happen in 5-7 years though.
When in future hospitals can legally use a decentralized database, would the Darcrus team need to be involved to make this hasten or would the hospital IT administrators be able to handle this from their end?It will depend on how competent their team is. I want to provide a complete solution, but implementing something that has 1 2 3 instructions is still too much for some. There are opportunities for us to have administrators assigned to deploy a dAppsheet as an onsite admin, basically in this scenario we become a contracting company for services and personnel.
With customers' data being in the blockchain, I assume that customers will be able to access their data from anywhere in the world with a internet connection?This, again, is up to the business policy for that particular company.
Is dAppsheet hacker proof?It is not hacker proof, it protects any info that's hacked with encryption. Thus making the hacked information essentially useless. Hacked information can be properly secured as for example was BTC-E database, which is stolen from few years but properly secured and not cracked as of now.
As most businesses use Microsoft for their data requirements, is it safe to assume that most of the solutions, in the beginning at least will most likely be built in the nStratis platform?It 100% depends on the business. I know that one implementation will be built from our alpha C++ w/ nodejs and angular/react frontend version.
ICO specificWhy don’t you cap the ICO investment ? If you need 1000 btc and you get 10000 btc, Isn’t that overkill?There is no reason to cap it. Any funds over the minimum would be used to hire more developers and people to accelerate our progress on the roadmap. We will work on more projects in parallel thus opening the path to more projects. 'There is always more to do and never enough funding. The more funding we have the faster we can push Darcrus higher in the commercial world. The more we achieve the more we can increase the intrinsic and extrinsic value of your investment. We are very excited to be here.
How long after the end if the ICO will the tokens be tradable? And also, can I ask why you choose 50 million coins instead of say 80 million or 100 million?Tokens will be available for trade immediately after token distribution on NXT Asset Exchange. There is other news for further support that will be released on the 20th or 21st of Nov.
50 million was chosen because it was 1/2 of 100 million, which is how many SIGFARM were created.
Waves's DEX will be available when it is (i cannot give time table on this as I have no inside knowledge of completion)
Why only 3 weeks for the ICO?I think three weeks is long enough for people to decide if they want to invest in Darcrus or not. I want to get to work.
If I don't want to store some of my tokens on my computer, is there a online wallet I'll be able to use?Yes. You can use mynxt.info or
https://nxt.sigwo.com or supernet Lite wallet as well. mynxt.info is more of a 'web wallet'. nxt.sigwo.com is a regular nxt wallet hosted by me, and it is open for public usage. Detailed instructions on how to use the regular wallet will be posted before the ICO ends
What is nxt.sigwo.com?That is the NXT wallet. I installed it and opened it for anyone to use. Remember your tokens is not stored in a 'wallet.dat' like regular coins. They are protected by the 12 word passphrase you receive when creating the NXT account OR you can use your own passphrase. Do NOT lose it.
I can pay with BTC right? see all kinds of things to do with NXT. I don't have nxt.Yes! BTC is what is being raised. The ICO platform has ShapeShift built in, so you can use Litecoin, Dash, Ethereum, or any other coin supported by the ShapeShift exchange. You will need an NXT address at the conclusion of the ICO, so the tokens can be distributed, and so I can send you 20 NXT.
Will there be an escrow securing the fact that if we deposit btc and the threshold is not met we get the refund? or do we have to trust you?
The ICO platform is being ran by Stratis. BTC is not released to me until after the tokens are distributed. Julian Yap (Jumbucks and Ubiq Developer) and Cory Teslikis (Pool develper and owner of etc.minerhub.io) have agreed to be the Darcrus escrow agents. They have signed up on Coinbase and they must authorize the withdraw of any ICO funds in the Vault. After the withdraw request has been initiated, Julian or Cory MUST sign along with Steven to authorize the withdraw. After authorized, there is a 48 hour period in which the withdraw can be stopped. If this happens, the process of authorizing the withdraw must start over. Both of these individuals are well respected and have projects of their own.
Also, what's the exact date you will have access to the ICO funds @sigwo?After tokens are distributed, the withdrawal process will begin. Julian or Cory and myself must sign the withdrawal request, and then there is a 48 hour period to 'lock' the withdrawal if it was started without our knowledge or I had not sent out the tokens. The ICO funds should be in my possession on about December 15th.
What happens if you only raise 1500 BTC? at what point would you resort to a VC? doing this would be tantamount to a full blown stock/token dilution, right?Darcrus' projects would follow more closely to the outlined roadmap instead of being accelerated. Not as many platforms would be initially supported. I cannot answer 'when' I would/will go to a VC. I cannot be 100% sure I won't be approached by a VC.
Most projects have already a team when they present the project, it gives confidence, how do you see that?This is just my opinion. Myself, I saw a problem, I think I can give a better/different/effective solution, and then find people to bring that solution to fruition. Marketing, devs, project/operations manager, etc. Big teams that start with 10-15 people on it at ICO is a bit, um, overbearing and over estimating the workload. That is a lot of overhead to begin the journey.
Any chance you can let junior members on Bitcointalk rather than full member?You have until November 28th to get up to Full Member
If i invest into Darcrus and send that btc from an exchange to the ICO. what if the threshold of 1000 btc is not met and there will be a reimbursement? You can’t send the btc back from the address where it came from because from an exchange the send is different then the receive address.It is highly recommended that you DO NOT use an exchange to send coins for the ICO. If this happens, we are able to see the transactions attached to your accounts and have ways of you verifying the transaction. It just becomes more of a manual process and these accounts/refunds fall to the end of the line.