Ahem... wasn't Lithuania technically "part of another country" when it was recognized by Iceland in 1991?
Well technically Lithuania announced indpendence in 1990, while Iceland and other more than 40 countries recognized our indpendence in 1991.
But I doubt that these things can be compared. Lithuania were independent country before Soviet occupation. While Donbass and Luhansk basically has no history, it's not separate nation. It's just a region filled with Russian and Ukrainian nationality people.
If the disputed territories had mostly Ukrainian nationalists, I don't think that Russia could hold it long-term (even if they could win every single battle fought). But the issue is that a sizable percentage of the population in those regions supports Russia. And if Ukraine is too weak to retain the territory, Russia is willing to exert force to take it, and many more residents are willing to fight for Russia than against Russia, then it seems inevitable that the territories will go to Russia.
It's good point. Fact that big part of population there is pro-Russian people is one of main problems for Ukraine and why they can't do much. And this is why I think that Russia won't go more far into West because there is much more pro-Ukrainian nationalist.
The question is how much further will Putin move into Ukraine. It's possible that he will play tough for a few months and "negotiate" to get Luhansk/Donetsk/Crimea recognized as part of Russia by the West in exchange for a peace deal. But in a sort of macabre way, it would probably be better for Ukraine in the long run if Putin tried to move further. This could bankrupt Russia and end up with a complete withdrawal like Afghanistan in 1980s. At a huge cost to both sides.
As I understand, Russia recognize whole Donbass and Luhanks as independent state. But actually, separatists have basically half of region under their control. If you will look at map and frontline, remaining part of region is controlled by Ukraine:
https://www.polgeonow.com/2020/09/ukraine-war-2020-map.html. So, I expect that Russia will try to take remaining part of Donbass and Luhansk with cities like Mariupol or Kramatorsk.
I don't believe that West would recognize these regions in exchange for a peace. Actually, it was big surprise for me that Germany put sanctions connected with Nord Stream 2. I expected just tradional phrases that they're ''deeply concerned.
And complete bankrup for Russia sound like uthopia for me.
As for Putin’s rating, it’s too early to talk about it, but it’s safe to say that he will receive real support from the population on the eve of the elections in 2024, but not earlier. The population of any country likes high-profile victories, especially if there are no victims in these victories, so I won’t be surprised if Donetsk and Lugansk turn to Putin with a request to be included in Russia through a referendum, and most importantly ... Putin will go for meeting.
I beleive that Putin is a hero for Russian people, same like when he took Crimea. But is it really win for Russia? What is cost of it. Falling ruble, sanctions - if these sanctions with Nord Stream 2 will really happen, it will be big thing. How much money they will have to put into destroyed region and it's economy.
And no victims, I wouldn't say so when during conflict thousand of separatists and Russian soldier were killed.
And Donetsk and Luhanks request to join Russia - it's just matter of time.