Remember that the prices and trading done at one exchange will affect the trading at other exchanges. If the price in bitfinex goes too far below the prices on other exchanges then people will buy on bitfinex and sell on BTC-e for example, attempting to arbitrage, this would create liquidity on bitfinex and cause prices to fall on other exchanges.
sure, but arbitrage takes time. in this case, you'd have to sell on BTC-E, wire out fiat, wire it into Bitfinex, then buy. that sort of arbitrage is very risky to attempt in a fast-moving market like bitcoin.
If you already have fiat at an exchange then you would not need to wait for the banking system, this could be done after the fact. This kind of arbitrage could potentially work like this:
1 - You already have 1 BTC at BTC-e and $630 at bitfinex (for this example we will say that bitcoin is trading at $630)
2 - The price on bitfinex declines 15% to $535.50 so you sell your 1 BTC on BTC-e for $630, and spend the $630 that you already have on BTC-e on ~1.176 BTC.
3 - You withdraw your 1.176 BTC from bitfinex and eventually deposit it back to BTC-e.
4 - Once you see that bitfinex is not going to try to roll back trades you withdraw fiat from BTC-e, and redeposit it at bitfinex